Zytotoxische T-Lymphozyten und die Erkennung von Tumorantigenen - Ein Weg zur 'Tumorschutzimpfung?

In spite of modifications of the intra- and postoperative therapeutic strategy as well as new adjuvant protocols, most malignant diseases have a poor prognosis. This demonstrates the need for new approaches in tumor therapy. One alternative is adoptive immunotherapy (AIT). AIT is based on the observation that cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) may be generated with the ability to lyse autologous tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Aim of current research activities is to determine specific tumorantigens and the clinical applicability of cell-mediated immunotherapy. The immunobiology of the cell-mediated immune response to cancer with focus on major-histocompatibility complex class I and CD8 ⁺ T cells is reviewed. Recent advances in the identification of tumor-associated and tumor-specific antigens were summarized. Previously performed clinical studies were reviewed. We examined the implications that the discovery of theses antigens might have on the development of new anticancer vaccines.