TY - JOUR
T1 - Zinc in innate and adaptive tumor immunity
AU - John, Erica
AU - Laskow, Thomas C.
AU - Buchser, William J.
AU - Pitt, Bruce R.
AU - Basse, Per H.
AU - Butterfield, Lisa H.
AU - Kalinski, Pawel
AU - Lotze, Michael T.
N1 - Funding Information:
The author’s research is supported by NIH P01 CA 101944-04 and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute. We would like to acknowledge our Cancer Center director, Nancy Davidson, MD.
PY - 2010/11/18
Y1 - 2010/11/18
N2 - Zinc is important. It is the second most abundant trace metal with 2-4 grams in humans. It is an essential trace element, critical for cell growth, development and differentiation, DNA synthesis, RNA transcription, cell division, and cell activation. Zinc deficiency has adverse consequences during embryogenesis and early childhood development, particularly on immune functioning. It is essential in members of all enzyme classes, including over 300 signaling molecules and transcription factors. Free zinc in immune and tumor cells is regulated by 14 distinct zinc importers (ZIP) and transporters (ZNT1-8). Zinc depletion induces cell death via apoptosis (or necrosis if apoptotic pathways are blocked) while sufficient zinc levels allows maintenance of autophagy. Cancer cells have upregulated zinc importers, and frequently increased zinc levels, which allow them to survive. Based on this novel synthesis, approaches which locally regulate zinc levels to promote survival of immune cells and/or induce tumor apoptosis are in order.
AB - Zinc is important. It is the second most abundant trace metal with 2-4 grams in humans. It is an essential trace element, critical for cell growth, development and differentiation, DNA synthesis, RNA transcription, cell division, and cell activation. Zinc deficiency has adverse consequences during embryogenesis and early childhood development, particularly on immune functioning. It is essential in members of all enzyme classes, including over 300 signaling molecules and transcription factors. Free zinc in immune and tumor cells is regulated by 14 distinct zinc importers (ZIP) and transporters (ZNT1-8). Zinc depletion induces cell death via apoptosis (or necrosis if apoptotic pathways are blocked) while sufficient zinc levels allows maintenance of autophagy. Cancer cells have upregulated zinc importers, and frequently increased zinc levels, which allow them to survive. Based on this novel synthesis, approaches which locally regulate zinc levels to promote survival of immune cells and/or induce tumor apoptosis are in order.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/78349272820
U2 - 10.1186/1479-5876-8-118
DO - 10.1186/1479-5876-8-118
M3 - Review article
C2 - 21087493
AN - SCOPUS:78349272820
SN - 1479-5876
VL - 8
JO - Journal of Translational Medicine
JF - Journal of Translational Medicine
M1 - 118
ER -