TY - JOUR
T1 - Vitamin D3
T2 - An ever green molecule
AU - Di Rosa, Michele
AU - Malaguarnera, Lucia
AU - Nicolosi, Anna
AU - Sanfilippo, Cristina
AU - Mazzarino, Clorinda
AU - Pavone, Piero
AU - Berretta, Massimiliano
AU - Cosentino, Stefano
AU - Cacopardo, Bruno
AU - Pinzone, Marilia Rita
AU - Nunnari, Giuseppe
PY - 2013/1/1
Y1 - 2013/1/1
N2 - Vitamin D3 is a key regulator of vertebrates homeostasis. It is synthesized from the precursor 7- dehydrocholesterol upon UVB exposure in the skin and then hydrolyzed in the liver in position 25, to be finally converted into its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D or calcitriol), in the kidneys. The biological activity of this molecule depends on its binding to the nuclear receptor VDR, which binds VDRE once complexed with RXR-alpha. Despite being present in different types of food, the best way to assume it at physiological levels remains the exposure to UVB radiation at certain hours of the day and at particular angles of the Earth's crust. There is plenty of evidence that altered levels of vitamin D3 are associated with pathological conditions, such as osteoporosis, cancer, immunological and infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss vitamin D3 metabolism, its role in several diseases and the link between vitamin D3 and immune cells.
AB - Vitamin D3 is a key regulator of vertebrates homeostasis. It is synthesized from the precursor 7- dehydrocholesterol upon UVB exposure in the skin and then hydrolyzed in the liver in position 25, to be finally converted into its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D or calcitriol), in the kidneys. The biological activity of this molecule depends on its binding to the nuclear receptor VDR, which binds VDRE once complexed with RXR-alpha. Despite being present in different types of food, the best way to assume it at physiological levels remains the exposure to UVB radiation at certain hours of the day and at particular angles of the Earth's crust. There is plenty of evidence that altered levels of vitamin D3 are associated with pathological conditions, such as osteoporosis, cancer, immunological and infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss vitamin D3 metabolism, its role in several diseases and the link between vitamin D3 and immune cells.
KW - Diet
KW - Immune cells
KW - Macrophage
KW - Review
KW - Vitamin D3
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84883235675&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2741/s370
DO - 10.2741/s370
M3 - Review article
C2 - 23277049
AN - SCOPUS:84883235675
SN - 1945-0516
VL - 5 S
SP - 247
EP - 260
JO - Frontiers in Bioscience - Scholar
JF - Frontiers in Bioscience - Scholar
IS - 1
ER -