Vitamin A and Lung Cancer

This chapter reviews studies on the link between vitamin A and lung cancer. These include prospective studies, case-control studies, studies of blood vitamin A levels and risk of lung cancer, nested case control studies of blood carotene levels and lung cancer, and randomized trials. The inverse relationship between the intake of fruits and vegetables and the risk of lung cancer, which has been found in many case-control studies and cohort studies using both questionnaire and biochemical measurements of intake, represents one of the best established associations in the field of nutritional epidemiology.