TY - JOUR
T1 - Viral discovery and diversity in trypanosomatid protozoa with a focus on relatives of the human parasite Leishmania
AU - Grybchuk, Danyil
AU - Akopyants, Natalia S.
AU - Kostygov, Alexei Y.
AU - Konovalovas, Aleksandras
AU - Lye, Lon Fye
AU - Dobson, Deborah E.
AU - Zangger, Haroun
AU - Fasel, Nicolas
AU - Butenko, Anzhelika
AU - Frolov, Alexander O.
AU - Votýpka, Jan
AU - D'Avila-Levy, Claudia M.
AU - Kulich, Pavel
AU - Moravcová, Jana
AU - Plevka, Pavel
AU - Rogozin, Igor B.
AU - Serva, Saulius
AU - Lukeš, Julius
AU - Beverley, Stephen M.
AU - Yurchenko, Vyacheslav
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 National Academy of Sciences.
PY - 2018/1/16
Y1 - 2018/1/16
N2 - Knowledge of viral diversity is expanding greatly, but many lineages remain underexplored. We surveyed RNA viruses in 52 cultured monoxenous relatives of the human parasite Leishmania (Crithidia and Leptomonas), as well as plant-infecting Phytomonas. Leptomonas pyrrhocoris was a hotbed for viral discovery, carrying a virus (Leptomonas pyrrhocoris ostravirus 1) with a highly divergent RNAdependent RNA polymerase missed by conventional BLAST searches, an emergent clade of tombus-like viruses, and an example of viral endogenization. A deep-branching clade of trypanosomatid narnaviruses was found, notable as Leptomonas seymouri bearing Narnalike virus 1 (LepseyNLV1) have been reported in cultures recovered from patients with visceral leishmaniasis. A deep-branching trypanosomatid viral lineage showing strong affinities to bunyaviruses was termed "Leishbunyavirus" (LBV) and judged sufficiently distinct to warrant assignment within a proposed family termed "Leishbunyaviridae." Numerous relatives of trypanosomatid viruses were found in insect metatranscriptomic surveys, which likely arise from trypanosomatid microbiota. Despite extensive sampling we found no relatives of the totivirus Leishmaniavirus (LRV1/2), implying that it was acquired at about the same time the Leishmania became able to parasitize vertebrates. As viruses were found in over a quarter of isolates tested, many more are likely to be found in the >600 unsurveyed trypanosomatid species. Viral loss was occasionally observed in culture, providing potentially isogenic virus-free lines enabling studies probing the biological role of trypanosomatid viruses. These data shed important insights on the emergence of viruses within an important trypanosomatid clade relevant to human disease.
AB - Knowledge of viral diversity is expanding greatly, but many lineages remain underexplored. We surveyed RNA viruses in 52 cultured monoxenous relatives of the human parasite Leishmania (Crithidia and Leptomonas), as well as plant-infecting Phytomonas. Leptomonas pyrrhocoris was a hotbed for viral discovery, carrying a virus (Leptomonas pyrrhocoris ostravirus 1) with a highly divergent RNAdependent RNA polymerase missed by conventional BLAST searches, an emergent clade of tombus-like viruses, and an example of viral endogenization. A deep-branching clade of trypanosomatid narnaviruses was found, notable as Leptomonas seymouri bearing Narnalike virus 1 (LepseyNLV1) have been reported in cultures recovered from patients with visceral leishmaniasis. A deep-branching trypanosomatid viral lineage showing strong affinities to bunyaviruses was termed "Leishbunyavirus" (LBV) and judged sufficiently distinct to warrant assignment within a proposed family termed "Leishbunyaviridae." Numerous relatives of trypanosomatid viruses were found in insect metatranscriptomic surveys, which likely arise from trypanosomatid microbiota. Despite extensive sampling we found no relatives of the totivirus Leishmaniavirus (LRV1/2), implying that it was acquired at about the same time the Leishmania became able to parasitize vertebrates. As viruses were found in over a quarter of isolates tested, many more are likely to be found in the >600 unsurveyed trypanosomatid species. Viral loss was occasionally observed in culture, providing potentially isogenic virus-free lines enabling studies probing the biological role of trypanosomatid viruses. These data shed important insights on the emergence of viruses within an important trypanosomatid clade relevant to human disease.
KW - Bunyavirales
KW - Coevolution
KW - Coinfection
KW - Persistent virus infection
KW - Trypanosomatidae
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85042099563&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1073/pnas.1717806115
DO - 10.1073/pnas.1717806115
M3 - Article
C2 - 29284754
AN - SCOPUS:85042099563
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 115
SP - E506-E515
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
IS - 3
ER -