TY - JOUR
T1 - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide mediates circadian rhythms in mammalian olfactory bulb and olfaction
AU - Miller, Jae Eun Kang
AU - Granados-Fuentes, Daniel
AU - Wang, Thomas
AU - Marpegan, Luciano
AU - Holy, Timothy E.
AU - Herzog, Erik D.
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Accumulating evidence suggests that the olfactory bulbs (OBs) function as an independent circadian system regulating daily rhythms in olfactory performance. However, the cells and signals in the olfactory system that generate and coordinate these circadian rhythms are unknown. Using real-time imaging of gene expression, we found that the isolated olfactory epithelium and OB, but not the piriform cortex, express similar, sustained circadian rhythms in PERIOD2 (PER2). In vivo, PER2 expression in the OB of mice is circadian, approximately doubling with a peak around subjective dusk. Furthermore, mice exhibit circadian rhythms in odor detection performance with a peak at approximately subjective dusk. We also found that circadian rhythms in gene expression and odor detection performance require vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) or its receptor VPAC2R. VIP is expressed, in a circadian manner, in interneurons in the external plexiform and periglomerular layers, whereas VPAC2R is expressed in mitral and external tufted cells in the OB. Together, these results indicate that VIP signaling modulates the output from the OB to maintain circadian rhythms in the mammalian olfactory system.
AB - Accumulating evidence suggests that the olfactory bulbs (OBs) function as an independent circadian system regulating daily rhythms in olfactory performance. However, the cells and signals in the olfactory system that generate and coordinate these circadian rhythms are unknown. Using real-time imaging of gene expression, we found that the isolated olfactory epithelium and OB, but not the piriform cortex, express similar, sustained circadian rhythms in PERIOD2 (PER2). In vivo, PER2 expression in the OB of mice is circadian, approximately doubling with a peak around subjective dusk. Furthermore, mice exhibit circadian rhythms in odor detection performance with a peak at approximately subjective dusk. We also found that circadian rhythms in gene expression and odor detection performance require vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) or its receptor VPAC2R. VIP is expressed, in a circadian manner, in interneurons in the external plexiform and periglomerular layers, whereas VPAC2R is expressed in mitral and external tufted cells in the OB. Together, these results indicate that VIP signaling modulates the output from the OB to maintain circadian rhythms in the mammalian olfactory system.
KW - Circadian
KW - Clock
KW - Olfaction
KW - Olfactory discrimination
KW - Rhythms
KW - VIP
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84899490484&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4713-13.2014
DO - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4713-13.2014
M3 - Article
C2 - 24760863
AN - SCOPUS:84899490484
SN - 0270-6474
VL - 34
SP - 6040
EP - 6046
JO - Journal of Neuroscience
JF - Journal of Neuroscience
IS - 17
ER -