Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A–Associated Hospitalization, Organ Failure, and Death: United States, 2022–2023

Investigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network; Nathaniel M. Lewis; Yuwei Zhu; Ithan D. Peltan; Manjusha Gaglani; Tresa McNeal; Shekhar Ghamande; Jay S. Steingrub; Nathan I. Shapiro; Abhijit Duggal; William S. Bender; Leyla Taghizadeh; Samuel M. Brown; David N. Hager; Michelle N. Gong; Amira Mohamed; Matthew C. Exline; Akram Khan; Jennifer G. Wilson; Nida Qadir; Steven Y. Chang; Adit A. Ginde; Nicholas M. Mohr; Christopher Mallow; Adam S. Lauring; Nicholas J. Johnson; Kevin W. Gibbs; Jennie H. Kwon; Cristie Columbus; Robert L. Gottlieb; Catherine Raver; Ivana A. Vaughn; Mayur Ramesh; Cassandra Johnson; Lois Lamerato; Basmah Safdar; Jonathan D. Casey; Todd W. Rice; Natasha Halasa; James D. Chappell; Carlos G. Grijalva; H. Keipp Talbot; Adrienne Baughman; Kelsey N. Womack; Sydney A. Swan; Elizabeth Harker; Ashley Price; Jennifer DeCuir; Diya Surie; Sascha Ellington; Wesley H. Self

doi:10.1093/cid/ciad677

Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A–Associated Hospitalization, Organ Failure, and Death: United States, 2022–2023

Investigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network, Nathaniel M. Lewis, Yuwei Zhu, Ithan D. Peltan, Manjusha Gaglani, Tresa McNeal, Shekhar Ghamande, Jay S. Steingrub, Nathan I. Shapiro, Abhijit Duggal, William S. Bender, Leyla Taghizadeh, Samuel M. Brown, David N. Hager, Michelle N. Gong, Amira Mohamed, Matthew C. Exline, Akram Khan, Jennifer G. Wilson, Nida QadirSteven Y. Chang, Adit A. Ginde, Nicholas M. Mohr, Christopher Mallow, Adam S. Lauring, Nicholas J. Johnson, Kevin W. Gibbs, Jennie H. Kwon, Cristie Columbus, Robert L. Gottlieb, Catherine Raver, Ivana A. Vaughn, Mayur Ramesh, Cassandra Johnson, Lois Lamerato, Basmah Safdar, Jonathan D. Casey, Todd W. Rice, Natasha Halasa, James D. Chappell, Carlos G. Grijalva, H. Keipp Talbot, Adrienne Baughman, Kelsey N. Womack, Sydney A. Swan, Elizabeth Harker, Ashley Price, Jennifer DeCuir, Diya Surie, Sascha Ellington, Wesley H. Self

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

19 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background. Influenza circulation during the 2022–2023 season in the United States largely returned to pre–coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-pandemic patterns and levels. Influenza A(H3N2) viruses were detected most frequently this season, predominately clade 3C.2a1b.2a, a close antigenic match to the vaccine strain. Methods. To understand effectiveness of the 2022–2023 influenza vaccine against influenza-associated hospitalization, organ failure, and death, a multicenter sentinel surveillance network in the United States prospectively enrolled adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness between 1 October 2022, and 28 February 2023. Using the test-negative design, vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates against influenza-associated hospitalization, organ failures, and death were measured by comparing the odds of current-season influenza vaccination in influenza-positive case-patients and influenza-negative, SARS-CoV-2–negative control-patients. Results. A total of 3707 patients, including 714 influenza cases (33% vaccinated) and 2993 influenza- and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–negative controls (49% vaccinated) were analyzed. VE against influenza-associated hospitalization was 37% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27%–46%) and varied by age (18–64 years: 47% [30%–60%]; ≥65 years: 28% [10%–43%]), and virus (A[H3N2]: 29% [6%–46%], A[H1N1]: 47% [23%–64%]). VE against more severe influenza-associated outcomes included: 41% (29%–50%) against influenza with hypoxemia treated with supplemental oxygen; 65% (56%–72%) against influenza with respiratory, cardiovascular, or renal failure treated with organ support; and 66% (40%–81%) against influenza with respiratory failure treated with invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusions. During an early 2022–2023 influenza season with a well-matched influenza vaccine, vaccination was associated with reduced risk of influenza-associated hospitalization and organ failure.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1056-1064
Number of pages	9
Journal	Clinical Infectious Diseases
Volume	78
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad677
State	Published - Apr 15 2024

Keywords

acute respiratory illness
attenuation
influenza
organ failure
vaccine effectiveness

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10.1093/cid/ciad677

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Investigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network, Lewis, N. M., Zhu, Y., Peltan, I. D., Gaglani, M., McNeal, T., Ghamande, S., Steingrub, J. S., Shapiro, N. I., Duggal, A., Bender, W. S., Taghizadeh, L., Brown, S. M., Hager, D. N., Gong, M. N., Mohamed, A., Exline, M. C., Khan, A., Wilson, J. G., ... Self, W. H. (2024). Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A–Associated Hospitalization, Organ Failure, and Death: United States, 2022–2023. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 78(4), 1056-1064. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad677

@article{75fdc1ef11594e4a8b225b7963995226,

title = "Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A–Associated Hospitalization, Organ Failure, and Death: United States, 2022–2023",

abstract = "Background. Influenza circulation during the 2022–2023 season in the United States largely returned to pre–coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-pandemic patterns and levels. Influenza A(H3N2) viruses were detected most frequently this season, predominately clade 3C.2a1b.2a, a close antigenic match to the vaccine strain. Methods. To understand effectiveness of the 2022–2023 influenza vaccine against influenza-associated hospitalization, organ failure, and death, a multicenter sentinel surveillance network in the United States prospectively enrolled adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness between 1 October 2022, and 28 February 2023. Using the test-negative design, vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates against influenza-associated hospitalization, organ failures, and death were measured by comparing the odds of current-season influenza vaccination in influenza-positive case-patients and influenza-negative, SARS-CoV-2–negative control-patients. Results. A total of 3707 patients, including 714 influenza cases (33% vaccinated) and 2993 influenza- and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–negative controls (49% vaccinated) were analyzed. VE against influenza-associated hospitalization was 37% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27%–46%) and varied by age (18–64 years: 47% [30%–60%]; ≥65 years: 28% [10%–43%]), and virus (A[H3N2]: 29% [6%–46%], A[H1N1]: 47% [23%–64%]). VE against more severe influenza-associated outcomes included: 41% (29%–50%) against influenza with hypoxemia treated with supplemental oxygen; 65% (56%–72%) against influenza with respiratory, cardiovascular, or renal failure treated with organ support; and 66% (40%–81%) against influenza with respiratory failure treated with invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusions. During an early 2022–2023 influenza season with a well-matched influenza vaccine, vaccination was associated with reduced risk of influenza-associated hospitalization and organ failure.",

keywords = "acute respiratory illness, attenuation, influenza, organ failure, vaccine effectiveness",

author = "{Investigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network} and Lewis, {Nathaniel M.} and Yuwei Zhu and Peltan, {Ithan D.} and Manjusha Gaglani and Tresa McNeal and Shekhar Ghamande and Steingrub, {Jay S.} and Shapiro, {Nathan I.} and Abhijit Duggal and Bender, {William S.} and Leyla Taghizadeh and Brown, {Samuel M.} and Hager, {David N.} and Gong, {Michelle N.} and Amira Mohamed and Exline, {Matthew C.} and Akram Khan and Wilson, {Jennifer G.} and Nida Qadir and Chang, {Steven Y.} and Ginde, {Adit A.} and Mohr, {Nicholas M.} and Christopher Mallow and Lauring, {Adam S.} and Johnson, {Nicholas J.} and Gibbs, {Kevin W.} and Kwon, {Jennie H.} and Cristie Columbus and Gottlieb, {Robert L.} and Catherine Raver and Vaughn, {Ivana A.} and Mayur Ramesh and Cassandra Johnson and Lois Lamerato and Basmah Safdar and Casey, {Jonathan D.} and Rice, {Todd W.} and Natasha Halasa and Chappell, {James D.} and Grijalva, {Carlos G.} and Talbot, {H. Keipp} and Adrienne Baughman and Womack, {Kelsey N.} and Swan, {Sydney A.} and Elizabeth Harker and Ashley Price and Jennifer DeCuir and Diya Surie and Sascha Ellington and Self, {Wesley H.}",

year = "2024",

month = apr,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1093/cid/ciad677",

language = "English",

volume = "78",

pages = "1056--1064",

journal = "Clinical Infectious Diseases",

issn = "1058-4838",

number = "4",

}

Investigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network, Lewis, NM, Zhu, Y, Peltan, ID, Gaglani, M, McNeal, T, Ghamande, S, Steingrub, JS, Shapiro, NI, Duggal, A, Bender, WS, Taghizadeh, L, Brown, SM, Hager, DN, Gong, MN, Mohamed, A, Exline, MC, Khan, A, Wilson, JG, Qadir, N, Chang, SY, Ginde, AA, Mohr, NM, Mallow, C, Lauring, AS, Johnson, NJ, Gibbs, KW, Kwon, JH, Columbus, C, Gottlieb, RL, Raver, C, Vaughn, IA, Ramesh, M, Johnson, C, Lamerato, L, Safdar, B, Casey, JD, Rice, TW, Halasa, N, Chappell, JD, Grijalva, CG, Talbot, HK, Baughman, A, Womack, KN, Swan, SA, Harker, E, Price, A, DeCuir, J, Surie, D, Ellington, S & Self, WH 2024, 'Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A–Associated Hospitalization, Organ Failure, and Death: United States, 2022–2023', Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 1056-1064. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad677

Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A–Associated Hospitalization, Organ Failure, and Death: United States, 2022–2023. / Investigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network; Lewis, Nathaniel M.; Zhu, Yuwei et al.
In: Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol. 78, No. 4, 15.04.2024, p. 1056-1064.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A–Associated Hospitalization, Organ Failure, and Death

T2 - United States, 2022–2023

AU - Investigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network

AU - Lewis, Nathaniel M.

AU - Zhu, Yuwei

AU - Peltan, Ithan D.

AU - Gaglani, Manjusha

AU - McNeal, Tresa

AU - Ghamande, Shekhar

AU - Steingrub, Jay S.

AU - Shapiro, Nathan I.

AU - Duggal, Abhijit

AU - Bender, William S.

AU - Taghizadeh, Leyla

AU - Brown, Samuel M.

AU - Hager, David N.

AU - Gong, Michelle N.

AU - Mohamed, Amira

AU - Exline, Matthew C.

AU - Khan, Akram

AU - Wilson, Jennifer G.

AU - Qadir, Nida

AU - Chang, Steven Y.

AU - Ginde, Adit A.

AU - Mohr, Nicholas M.

AU - Mallow, Christopher

AU - Lauring, Adam S.

AU - Johnson, Nicholas J.

AU - Gibbs, Kevin W.

AU - Kwon, Jennie H.

AU - Columbus, Cristie

AU - Gottlieb, Robert L.

AU - Raver, Catherine

AU - Vaughn, Ivana A.

AU - Ramesh, Mayur

AU - Johnson, Cassandra

AU - Lamerato, Lois

AU - Safdar, Basmah

AU - Casey, Jonathan D.

AU - Rice, Todd W.

AU - Halasa, Natasha

AU - Chappell, James D.

AU - Grijalva, Carlos G.

AU - Talbot, H. Keipp

AU - Baughman, Adrienne

AU - Womack, Kelsey N.

AU - Swan, Sydney A.

AU - Harker, Elizabeth

AU - Price, Ashley

AU - DeCuir, Jennifer

AU - Surie, Diya

AU - Ellington, Sascha

AU - Self, Wesley H.

PY - 2024/4/15

Y1 - 2024/4/15

N2 - Background. Influenza circulation during the 2022–2023 season in the United States largely returned to pre–coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-pandemic patterns and levels. Influenza A(H3N2) viruses were detected most frequently this season, predominately clade 3C.2a1b.2a, a close antigenic match to the vaccine strain. Methods. To understand effectiveness of the 2022–2023 influenza vaccine against influenza-associated hospitalization, organ failure, and death, a multicenter sentinel surveillance network in the United States prospectively enrolled adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness between 1 October 2022, and 28 February 2023. Using the test-negative design, vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates against influenza-associated hospitalization, organ failures, and death were measured by comparing the odds of current-season influenza vaccination in influenza-positive case-patients and influenza-negative, SARS-CoV-2–negative control-patients. Results. A total of 3707 patients, including 714 influenza cases (33% vaccinated) and 2993 influenza- and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–negative controls (49% vaccinated) were analyzed. VE against influenza-associated hospitalization was 37% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27%–46%) and varied by age (18–64 years: 47% [30%–60%]; ≥65 years: 28% [10%–43%]), and virus (A[H3N2]: 29% [6%–46%], A[H1N1]: 47% [23%–64%]). VE against more severe influenza-associated outcomes included: 41% (29%–50%) against influenza with hypoxemia treated with supplemental oxygen; 65% (56%–72%) against influenza with respiratory, cardiovascular, or renal failure treated with organ support; and 66% (40%–81%) against influenza with respiratory failure treated with invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusions. During an early 2022–2023 influenza season with a well-matched influenza vaccine, vaccination was associated with reduced risk of influenza-associated hospitalization and organ failure.

AB - Background. Influenza circulation during the 2022–2023 season in the United States largely returned to pre–coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-pandemic patterns and levels. Influenza A(H3N2) viruses were detected most frequently this season, predominately clade 3C.2a1b.2a, a close antigenic match to the vaccine strain. Methods. To understand effectiveness of the 2022–2023 influenza vaccine against influenza-associated hospitalization, organ failure, and death, a multicenter sentinel surveillance network in the United States prospectively enrolled adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness between 1 October 2022, and 28 February 2023. Using the test-negative design, vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates against influenza-associated hospitalization, organ failures, and death were measured by comparing the odds of current-season influenza vaccination in influenza-positive case-patients and influenza-negative, SARS-CoV-2–negative control-patients. Results. A total of 3707 patients, including 714 influenza cases (33% vaccinated) and 2993 influenza- and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–negative controls (49% vaccinated) were analyzed. VE against influenza-associated hospitalization was 37% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27%–46%) and varied by age (18–64 years: 47% [30%–60%]; ≥65 years: 28% [10%–43%]), and virus (A[H3N2]: 29% [6%–46%], A[H1N1]: 47% [23%–64%]). VE against more severe influenza-associated outcomes included: 41% (29%–50%) against influenza with hypoxemia treated with supplemental oxygen; 65% (56%–72%) against influenza with respiratory, cardiovascular, or renal failure treated with organ support; and 66% (40%–81%) against influenza with respiratory failure treated with invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusions. During an early 2022–2023 influenza season with a well-matched influenza vaccine, vaccination was associated with reduced risk of influenza-associated hospitalization and organ failure.

KW - acute respiratory illness

KW - attenuation

KW - influenza

KW - organ failure

KW - vaccine effectiveness

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85187191840&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/cid/ciad677

DO - 10.1093/cid/ciad677

M3 - Article

C2 - 38051664

AN - SCOPUS:85187191840

SN - 1058-4838

VL - 78

SP - 1056

EP - 1064

JO - Clinical Infectious Diseases

JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases

IS - 4

ER -

Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A–Associated Hospitalization, Organ Failure, and Death: United States, 2022–2023

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