Unusual imaging findings associated with abdominal pediatric germ cell tumors

Marie Helene Gagnon, Paul Robert Derenoncourt, Sampanna Rayamahi, Susan Taylor, Ashishkumar K. Parikh, Maria R. Ponisio, Geetika Khanna

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Germ cell tumors of childhood are tumors arising from germline cells in gonadal or extragonadal locations. Extragonadal germ cell tumors are characteristically located in the midline, arising intracranially or in the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, or pelvis. These tumors are generally easily diagnosed due to typical sites of origin, characteristic imaging findings, and laboratory markers. However, germ cell tumors can be associated with unusual clinical syndromes or imaging features that can perplex the radiologist. This review will illustrate atypical imaging/clinical manifestations and complications of abdominal germ cell tumors in childhood. These features include unusual primary tumors such as multifocal primaries; local complications such as ovarian torsion or ruptured dermoid; atypical presentations of metastatic disease associated with burned-out primary tumor, growing teratoma syndrome, and gliomatosis peritonei; endocrine manifestations such as precocious puberty and hyperthyroidism; and antibody mediated paraneoplastic syndrome such as anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor antibody-mediated encephalitis. This review aims to illustrate unusual imaging features associated with the primary tumor, metastatic disease, or distant complications of abdominal germ cell tumors of childhood. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.)

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1093-1104
Number of pages12
JournalPediatric radiology
Volume54
Issue number7
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 2024

Keywords

  • Germ cell tumors
  • Imaging
  • Metastatic disease
  • Paraneoplastic syndrome
  • Pediatric

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