Treatment Outcomes in the Primary Tube Versus Trabeculectomy Study after 1 Year of Follow-up

Purpose: To report 1-year treatment outcomes in the Primary Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (PTVT) Study. Design: Multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Participants: Two hundred forty-two eyes of 242 patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma and no previous incisional ocular surgery, including 125 in the tube group and 117 in the trabeculectomy group. Methods: Patients were enrolled at 16 clinical centers and assigned randomly to treatment with a tube shunt (350-mm² Baerveldt glaucoma implant) or trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC; 0.4 mg/ml for 2 minutes). Main Outcome Measures: Intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma medical therapy, visual acuity, visual fields, surgical complications, and failure (IOP of more than 21 mmHg or reduced by less than 20% from baseline, IOP of 5 mmHg or less, reoperation for glaucoma, or loss of light perception vision). Results: The cumulative probability of failure during the first year of follow-up was 17.3% in the tube group and 7.9% in the trabeculectomy group (P = 0.01; hazard ratio, 2.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.20–5.60). Mean ± standard deviation IOP was 13.8±4.1 mmHg in the tube group and 12.4±4.4 mmHg in the trabeculectomy group at 1 year (P = 0.01), and the number of glaucoma medications was 2.1±1.4 in the tube group and 0.9±1.4 in the trabeculectomy group (P < 0.001). Postoperative complications developed in 36 patients (29%) in the tube group and 48 patients (41%) in the trabeculectomy group (P = 0.06). Serious complications requiring reoperation or producing a loss of 2 Snellen lines or more occurred in 1 patient (1%) in the tube group and 8 patients (7%) in the trabeculectomy group (P = 0.03). Conclusions: Trabeculectomy with MMC had a higher surgical success rate than tube shunt implantation after 1 year in the PTVT Study. Lower IOP with use of fewer glaucoma medications was achieved after trabeculectomy with MMC compared with tube shunt surgery during the first year of follow-up. The frequency of serious complications producing vision loss or requiring reoperation was lower after tube shunt surgery relative to trabeculectomy with MMC.