TY - JOUR
T1 - Topological methods for exploring low-density states in biomolecular folding pathways
AU - Yao, Yuan
AU - Sun, Jian
AU - Huang, Xuhui
AU - Bowman, Gregory R.
AU - Singh, Gurjeet
AU - Lesnick, Michael
AU - Guibas, Leonidas J.
AU - Pande, Vijay S.
AU - Carlsson, Gunnar
N1 - Funding Information:
Y.Y. would like to thank Wing-Hung Wong, Nancy Zhang, and Qing Zhou for helpful discussions, X.H. thanks Michael Levitt for his support. Y.Y., J.S., G.S., L.G., and G.C. are funded by DARPA Grant No. HR0011-05-1-0007; X.H. by NIH Roadmap for Medical Research Grant No. U54 GM072970; G.B. by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program; M.L. by a NDSEG fellowship. Y.Y. and G.C. are also supported by NSF Grant No. DMS 0354543, and LG by NSF Grant No. FRG-0354543 and NIH Grant Mo. GM-072970. This work was also supported by NIH Grant No. P01 GM066275. Computing resources were provided by the Folding@home users and NSF Award No. CNS-0619926.
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - Characterization of transient intermediate or transition states is crucial for the description of biomolecular folding pathways, which is, however, difficult in both experiments and computer simulations. Such transient states are typically of low population in simulation samples. Even for simple systems such as RNA hairpins, recently there are mounting debates over the existence of multiple intermediate states. In this paper, we develop a computational approach to explore the relatively low populated transition or intermediate states in biomolecular folding pathways, based on a topological data analysis tool, MAPPER, with simulation data from large-scale distributed computing. The method is inspired by the classical Morse theory in mathematics which characterizes the topology of high-dimensional shapes via some functional level sets. In this paper we exploit a conditional density filter which enables us to focus on the structures on pathways, followed by clustering analysis on its level sets, which helps separate low populated intermediates from high populated folded/unfolded structures. A successful application of this method is given on a motivating example, a RNA hairpin with GCAA tetraloop, where we are able to provide structural evidence from computer simulations on the multiple intermediate states and exhibit different pictures about unfolding and refolding pathways. The method is effective in dealing with high degree of heterogeneity in distribution, capturing structural features in multiple pathways, and being less sensitive to the distance metric than nonlinear dimensionality reduction or geometric embedding methods. The methodology described in this paper admits various implementations or extensions to incorporate more information and adapt to different settings, which thus provides a systematic tool to explore the low-density intermediate states in complex biomolecular folding systems.
AB - Characterization of transient intermediate or transition states is crucial for the description of biomolecular folding pathways, which is, however, difficult in both experiments and computer simulations. Such transient states are typically of low population in simulation samples. Even for simple systems such as RNA hairpins, recently there are mounting debates over the existence of multiple intermediate states. In this paper, we develop a computational approach to explore the relatively low populated transition or intermediate states in biomolecular folding pathways, based on a topological data analysis tool, MAPPER, with simulation data from large-scale distributed computing. The method is inspired by the classical Morse theory in mathematics which characterizes the topology of high-dimensional shapes via some functional level sets. In this paper we exploit a conditional density filter which enables us to focus on the structures on pathways, followed by clustering analysis on its level sets, which helps separate low populated intermediates from high populated folded/unfolded structures. A successful application of this method is given on a motivating example, a RNA hairpin with GCAA tetraloop, where we are able to provide structural evidence from computer simulations on the multiple intermediate states and exhibit different pictures about unfolding and refolding pathways. The method is effective in dealing with high degree of heterogeneity in distribution, capturing structural features in multiple pathways, and being less sensitive to the distance metric than nonlinear dimensionality reduction or geometric embedding methods. The methodology described in this paper admits various implementations or extensions to incorporate more information and adapt to different settings, which thus provides a systematic tool to explore the low-density intermediate states in complex biomolecular folding systems.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=65249153026&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1063/1.3103496
DO - 10.1063/1.3103496
M3 - Article
C2 - 19368437
AN - SCOPUS:65249153026
SN - 0021-9606
VL - 130
JO - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF - Journal of Chemical Physics
IS - 14
M1 - 144115
ER -