Tissue-Resident ILC2s Across Organs: Heterogeneity, Niche Crosstalk, and Shared Regulatory Circuits

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are an important source of innate cytokines that contribute to allergic inflammation. Recent studies have also suggested that ILC2s play a biological role in peripheral tissues such as lung, fat, intestine and skin, controlled by alarmins, neuropeptides and environmental factors. Furthermore, emerging studies have shown that tissues including the pancreas, uterus and meninges contain ILC2s that contribute to normal biological function. Here, we review recent studies on the physiological function of ILC2s in multiple tissues, emphasizing their importance not only in type 2 immune responses, but also in maintaining biological homeostasis.