TY - JOUR
T1 - Timing is everything
T2 - impact of development, ageing and circadian rhythm on macrophage functions in urinary tract infections
AU - Wang, Alison S.
AU - Steers, Nicholas J.
AU - Parab, Adwaita R.
AU - Gachon, Frédéric
AU - Sweet, Matthew J.
AU - Mysorekar, Indira U.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Society for Mucosal Immunology.
PY - 2022/6
Y1 - 2022/6
N2 - The bladder supports a diversity of macrophage populations with functional roles related to homeostasis and host defense, including clearance of cell debris from tissue, immune surveillance, and inflammatory responses. This review examines these roles with particular attention given to macrophage origins, differentiation, recruitment, and engagement in host defense against urinary tract infections (UTIs), where these cells recognize uropathogens through a combination of receptor-mediated responses. Time is an important variable that is often overlooked in many clinical and biological studies, including in relation to macrophages and UTIs. Given that ageing is a significant factor in urinary tract infection pathogenesis and macrophages have been shown to harbor their own circadian system, this review also explores the influence of age on macrophage functions and the role of diurnal variations in macrophage functions in host defense and inflammation during UTIs. We provide a conceptual framework for future studies that address these key knowledge gaps.
AB - The bladder supports a diversity of macrophage populations with functional roles related to homeostasis and host defense, including clearance of cell debris from tissue, immune surveillance, and inflammatory responses. This review examines these roles with particular attention given to macrophage origins, differentiation, recruitment, and engagement in host defense against urinary tract infections (UTIs), where these cells recognize uropathogens through a combination of receptor-mediated responses. Time is an important variable that is often overlooked in many clinical and biological studies, including in relation to macrophages and UTIs. Given that ageing is a significant factor in urinary tract infection pathogenesis and macrophages have been shown to harbor their own circadian system, this review also explores the influence of age on macrophage functions and the role of diurnal variations in macrophage functions in host defense and inflammation during UTIs. We provide a conceptual framework for future studies that address these key knowledge gaps.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85137016471&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41385-022-00558-z
DO - 10.1038/s41385-022-00558-z
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36038769
AN - SCOPUS:85137016471
SN - 1933-0219
VL - 15
SP - 1114
EP - 1126
JO - Mucosal Immunology
JF - Mucosal Immunology
IS - 6
ER -