TY - JOUR
T1 - The wonders of BMP9
T2 - From mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metabolism to regenerative medicine
AU - Mostafa, Sami
AU - Pakvasa, Mikhail
AU - Coalson, Elam
AU - Zhu, Allen
AU - Alverdy, Alex
AU - Castillo, Hector
AU - Fan, Jiaming
AU - Li, Alex
AU - Feng, Yixiao
AU - Wu, Di
AU - Bishop, Elliott
AU - Du, Scott
AU - Spezia, Mia
AU - Li, Alissa
AU - Hagag, Ofir
AU - Deng, Alison
AU - Liu, Winny
AU - Li, Mingyang
AU - Ho, Sherwin S.
AU - Athiviraham, Aravind
AU - Lee, Michael J.
AU - Wolf, Jennifer Moriatis
AU - Ameer, Guillermo A.
AU - Luu, Hue H.
AU - Haydon, Rex C.
AU - Strelzow, Jason
AU - Hynes, Kelly
AU - He, Tong Chuan
AU - Reid, Russell R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Chongqing Medical University
PY - 2019/9
Y1 - 2019/9
N2 - Although bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) initially showed effective induction of ectopic bone growth in muscle, it has since been determined that these proteins, as members of the TGF-β superfamily, play a diverse and critical array of biological roles. These roles include regulating skeletal and bone formation, angiogenesis, and development and homeostasis of multiple organ systems. Disruptions of the members of the TGF-β/BMP superfamily result in severe skeletal and extra-skeletal irregularities, suggesting high therapeutic potential from understanding this family of BMP proteins. Although it was once one of the least characterized BMPs, BMP9 has revealed itself to have the highest osteogenic potential across numerous experiments both in vitro and in vivo, with recent studies suggesting that the exceptional potency of BMP9 may result from unique signaling pathways that differentiate it from other BMPs. The effectiveness of BMP9 in inducing bone formation was recently revealed in promising experiments that demonstrated efficacy in the repair of critical sized cranial defects as well as compatibility with bone-inducing bio-implants, revealing the great translational promise of BMP9. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that, besides its osteogenic activity, BMP9 exerts a broad range of biological functions, including stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metabolism. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of BMP9 across biology and the body.
AB - Although bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) initially showed effective induction of ectopic bone growth in muscle, it has since been determined that these proteins, as members of the TGF-β superfamily, play a diverse and critical array of biological roles. These roles include regulating skeletal and bone formation, angiogenesis, and development and homeostasis of multiple organ systems. Disruptions of the members of the TGF-β/BMP superfamily result in severe skeletal and extra-skeletal irregularities, suggesting high therapeutic potential from understanding this family of BMP proteins. Although it was once one of the least characterized BMPs, BMP9 has revealed itself to have the highest osteogenic potential across numerous experiments both in vitro and in vivo, with recent studies suggesting that the exceptional potency of BMP9 may result from unique signaling pathways that differentiate it from other BMPs. The effectiveness of BMP9 in inducing bone formation was recently revealed in promising experiments that demonstrated efficacy in the repair of critical sized cranial defects as well as compatibility with bone-inducing bio-implants, revealing the great translational promise of BMP9. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that, besides its osteogenic activity, BMP9 exerts a broad range of biological functions, including stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metabolism. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of BMP9 across biology and the body.
KW - Adipogenesis
KW - BMP9/GDF2
KW - Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)
KW - Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
KW - Metabolism
KW - Osteogenesis
KW - Regenerative medicine
KW - Tumorigenesis
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85070701636
U2 - 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.07.003
DO - 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.07.003
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85070701636
SN - 2352-4820
VL - 6
SP - 201
EP - 223
JO - Genes and Diseases
JF - Genes and Diseases
IS - 3
ER -