@article{783e44b1e65f4a9890b36e90ceab7e30,
title = "The value of biosamples in smoking cessation trials: A review of genetic, metabolomic, and epigenetic findings",
abstract = "Introduction: Human genetic research has succeeded in definitively identifying multiple genetic variants associated with risk for nicotine dependence and heavy smoking. To build on these advances, and to aid in reducing the prevalence of smoking and its consequent health harms, the next frontier is to identify genetic predictors of successful smoking cessation and also of the efficacy of smoking cessation treatments ({"}pharmacogenomics{"}). More broadly, additional biomarkers that can be quantified from biosamples also promise to aid {"}Precision Medicine{"} and the personalization of treatment, both pharmacological and behavioral. Aims and Methods: To motivate ongoing and future efforts, here we review several compelling genetic and biomarker findings related to smoking cessation and treatment. Results: These Key results involve genetic variants in the nicotinic receptor subunit gene CHRNA5, variants in the nicotine metabolism gene CYP2A6, and the nicotine metabolite ratio. We also summarize reports of epigenetic changes related to smoking behavior. Conclusions: The results to date demonstrate the value and utility of data generated from biosamples in clinical treatment trial settings. This article cross-references a companion paper in this issue that provides practical guidance on how to incorporate biosample collection into a planned clinical trial and discusses avenues for harmonizing data and fostering consortium-based, collaborative research on the pharmacogenomics of smoking cessation. Implications: Evidence is emerging that certain genotypes and biomarkers are associated with smoking cessation success and efficacy of smoking cessation treatments. We review key findings that open potential avenues for personalizing smoking cessation treatment according to an individual's genetic or metabolic profile. These results provide important incentive for smoking cessation researchers to collect biosamples and perform genotyping in research studies and clinical trials.",
author = "{on behalf of the Genetics and Treatment Networks of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT)} and Saccone, {Nancy L.} and Baurley, {James W.} and Bergen, {Andrew W.} and David, {Sean P.} and Elliott, {Hannah R.} and Foreman, {Marilyn G.} and Jaakko Kaprio and Piasecki, {Thomas M.} and Relton, {Caroline L.} and Laurie Zawertailo and Bierut, {Laura J.} and Tyndale, {Rachel F.} and Chen, {Li Shiun}",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to acknowledge the following funding support for our authors: From the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA): R01 DA026911 (NLS), DA030398 (LSC), R01 DA038076 (LSC), HHSN271201300004C (JWB), R43 DA041211 (JWB, AWB), R21DA033813 (AWB), R01 DA017441 (SPD), U54 MD010724 (SPD), R01DA036583 (LJB), DA020830 (RFT); Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol (MC_UU_12013/2) (HRE, CLR), postdoctoral research fellowship award from the Oak Foundation (HRE); U54MD008149 from the NIMHD (MGF); grants 265240 & 263278 from the Academy of Finland (JK); Sigrid Juselius Foundation (JK); Global Research Awards in Nicotine Dependence: WI 206396 and WS2391913 (Pfizer, Inc) (LZ); Canadian Cancer Society: 703187 and 703404 (LZ); Canadian Institutes of Health Research: DC0190SR (LZ); support of a Canada Research Chair in Pharmacogenomics (RFT). This paper and a second companion paper were conceived, developed, and written by the Genetics and Treatment Workgroup of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT): Drs. James W. Baurley, Andrew W. Bergen, Li-Shiun Chen, Sean P. David, Hannah R. Elliott, Marilyn G. Foreman, Jaakko Kaprio, Thomas M. Piasecki, Caroline L. Relton, Nancy L. Saccone, Laurie Zawertailo. We thank SRNT and especially the SRNT Genetics Network and the SRNT Treatment Network for their support and enthusiasm for this and other collaborative opportunities for genetics and treatment researchers. We thank Dr. Jennifer Ware for her input during early stages of this work, and Dr. Timothy Baker and Dr. Caryn Lerman for their assistance in reviewing an earlier draft. Thank you also to Mona Johnson for providing administrative and communications support. We thank the SRNT Genetic Network and Treatment Network (Drs. Leonie Brose, Marissa Ehringer, Lisa Fucito, Anne Joseph, Anu Loukola, and Megan Piper) for review and comments. Funding Information: We would like to acknowledge the following funding support for our authors: From the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA): R01 DA026911 (NLS), DA030398 (LSC), R01 DA038076 (LSC), HHSN271201300004C (JWB), R43 DA041211 (JWB, AWB), R21DA033813 (AWB), R01 DA017441 (SPD), U54 MD010724 (SPD), R01DA036583 (LJB), DA020830 (RFT); Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol (MC_UU_12013/2) (HRE, CLR), postdoctoral research fellowship award from the Oak Foundation (HRE); U54MD008149 from the NIMHD (MGF); grants 265240 & 263278 from the Academy of Finland (JK); Sigrid Juselius Foundation (JK); Global Research Awards in Nicotine Dependence: WI 206396 and WS2391913 (Pfizer, Inc) (LZ); Canadian Cancer Society: 703187 and 703404 (LZ); Canadian Institutes of Health Research: DC0190SR (LZ); support of a Canada Research Chair in Pharmacogenomics (RFT). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved.",
year = "2018",
month = mar,
day = "6",
doi = "10.1093/ntr/ntx096",
language = "English",
volume = "20",
pages = "403--413",
journal = "Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco",
issn = "1462-2203",
number = "4",
}