The Theory of Occupational Adaptation

This chapter will briefly overview the Occupational Adaptation (OA) theory, focusing on the current use of the theory in occupational therapy intervention and assessment. The theory of Occupational Adaptation was developed and is more widely used using a Western lens. Grajo and Boisselle began reconceptualization of the theory to embrace a more holistic and global perspective, decolonizing its Western-centric constructs. We aim to continue expanding this reconceptualization of OA in this chapter to support the profession’s role in a more inclusive and diverse approach to health promotion and population health. OA is deeply rooted in foundational philosophies underpinning occupational therapy practice. For example, Meyer (1922/1977) emphasized that in the presence of dysfunction, the rhythm of life can be optimally orchestrated by presenting new or adaptive “opportunities” for the performance of occupations and the use of time. In the late 1970s Fidler and Fidler stated that the act of doing is the process of ongoing engagement based on the sensorimotor, cognitive, and psychosocial means while becoming signifies a humanization that occurs due to a close connection with society and the environment and ultimately results in competence, purposeful action, and adaptation.