TY - JOUR
T1 - The role of cytokines in the failing human heart
AU - Kapadia, S.
AU - Dibbs, Z.
AU - Kurrelmeyer, K.
AU - Kalra, D.
AU - Seta, Y.
AU - Wang, F.
AU - Bozkurt, B.
AU - Oral, H.
AU - Sivasubramanian, N.
AU - Mann, D. L.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge the secretarial assistance of Jana Grana. This work was supported, in part, by research funds from the Department of Veterans Affairs and the National Institutes of Health (P50 HL-O6H).
PY - 1998
Y1 - 1998
N2 - Despite repeated attempts to develop a unifying hypothesis that explains the clinical syndrome of heart failure, no single conceptual paradigm has withstood the test of time. In this regard, recent studies have shown that a class of biologically active molecules, generically referred to as cytokines, are overexposed in heart failure. This article will review recent clinical and experimental material that suggest proinflammatory (stress activated) cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TFN-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) may play a role in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure. The scope of this article includes an overview of the biology of cytokines in the heart, as well as review of the clinical studies that have documented elevated levels of cytokines and cytokine receptors in patients with heart failure.
AB - Despite repeated attempts to develop a unifying hypothesis that explains the clinical syndrome of heart failure, no single conceptual paradigm has withstood the test of time. In this regard, recent studies have shown that a class of biologically active molecules, generically referred to as cytokines, are overexposed in heart failure. This article will review recent clinical and experimental material that suggest proinflammatory (stress activated) cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TFN-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) may play a role in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure. The scope of this article includes an overview of the biology of cytokines in the heart, as well as review of the clinical studies that have documented elevated levels of cytokines and cytokine receptors in patients with heart failure.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0031793058&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0733-8651(05)70041-2
DO - 10.1016/S0733-8651(05)70041-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 9891594
AN - SCOPUS:0031793058
SN - 0733-8651
VL - 16
SP - 645
EP - 656
JO - Cardiology clinics
JF - Cardiology clinics
IS - 4
ER -