The most useful findings for diagnosing acute appendicitis on contrast-enhanced helical CT

Dongil Choi, H. Park, Y. R. Lee, S. H. Kook, S. K. Kim, H. J. Kwag, E. C. Chung

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

77 Scopus citations

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the most useful findings to look for in diagnosing acute appendicitis on contrast-enhanced helical CT. Material and Methods: Appendiceal helical CT scans with intravenous contrast administration (abdomen, 7-mm collimation; abdominopelvic junction, 5-mm collimation) of 71 patients with surgically proven acute appendicitis and 167 patients with alternative diagnoses were reviewed retrospectively. Three radiologists analyzed the following parameters: enlarged appendix (>6mm in diameter), appendiceal wall thickening, appendiceal wall enhancement, no identification of the appendix, appendicolith(s), appendiceal intraluminal air, intramural air, extraluminal air, periappendiceal fat stranding, extraluminal fluid, phlegmon, abscess, lymphadenopathy, segmental terminal ileal wall thickening, focal cecal apical thickening, focal colonie wall thickening, and segmental colonie wall thickening. The features that best distinguished appendicitis from alternative diagnoses were selected with stepwise logistic regression analysis. Results: Nine CT findings distinguished acute appendicitis from alternative diagnoses (P<0.05): enlarged appendix (R = 0.739), appendiceal wall thickening (R = 0.525), periappendiceal fat stranding (R = 0.414), appendiceal wall enhancement (R = 0.404), focal cecal apical thickening (R = 0.171), appendicolith(s) (R = 0.157), extraluminal air (R = 0.050), intramural air (R = 0.043), and phlegmon (R = 0.030). Enlarged appendix (sensitivity, 93%; specificity, 92%), appendiceal wall thickening (sensitivity, 66%; specificity, 96%), periappendiceal fat stranding (sensitivity, 87%; specificity, 74%), and appendiceal wall enhancement (sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 85%) showed the statistically most significant association with acute appendicitis. Conclusion: On 5-mm-section contrast-enhanced helical CT examinations, enlarged appendix, appendiceal wall thickening, periappendiceal fat stranding, and appendiceal wall enhancement were the most useful findings for diagnosing acute appendicitis.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)574-582
Number of pages9
JournalActa Radiologica
Volume44
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 2003

Keywords

  • Appendicitis
  • Appendix, computed tomography
  • Computed tomography (CT), helical

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