The isolation and identification of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid formed by nitrogen-fixing Azomonas macrocytogenes

Peter Westervelt; Michael L. Bloom; Gary A. Mabbott; Frank A. Fekete

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01105.x

The isolation and identification of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid formed by nitrogen-fixing Azomonas macrocytogenes

Peter Westervelt
, Michael L. Bloom
, Gary A. Mabbott
, Frank A. Fekete

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

13 Scopus citations

Abstract

The mechanism of iron acquisition was studied in nitrogen-fixing Azomonas macrocytogenes. Spent solid agar plating medium samples from Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient cultures were subjected to the high voltage paper electrophoresis siderophore assay. A yellow-green fluorescent peptide was elicited only under conditions of iron deficiency, whereas a novel dark blue fluorescent, Arnowpositive phenolic compound was detected under both Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient conditions. Both compounds formed colored complexes with ferric iron. SDS-PAGE analysis of outer envelope protein preparations revealed the hyperproduction of an 83 kDa protein under iron-limiting conditions. Chemical analysis indicated that the phenolate was 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid), a compound previously unreported as an extracellular product of a diazotroph.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	331-335
Number of pages	5
Journal	FEMS Microbiology Letters
Volume	30
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01105.x
State	Published - Dec 1985

Keywords

Siderophore
iron acquisition
iron stress
protocatechuic acid

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10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01105.x

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@article{c2b7844914374848b0679239b06f91a9,

title = "The isolation and identification of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid formed by nitrogen-fixing Azomonas macrocytogenes",

abstract = "The mechanism of iron acquisition was studied in nitrogen-fixing Azomonas macrocytogenes. Spent solid agar plating medium samples from Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient cultures were subjected to the high voltage paper electrophoresis siderophore assay. A yellow-green fluorescent peptide was elicited only under conditions of iron deficiency, whereas a novel dark blue fluorescent, Arnowpositive phenolic compound was detected under both Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient conditions. Both compounds formed colored complexes with ferric iron. SDS-PAGE analysis of outer envelope protein preparations revealed the hyperproduction of an 83 kDa protein under iron-limiting conditions. Chemical analysis indicated that the phenolate was 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid), a compound previously unreported as an extracellular product of a diazotroph.",

keywords = "Siderophore, iron acquisition, iron stress, protocatechuic acid",

author = "Peter Westervelt and Bloom, \{Michael L.\} and Mabbott, \{Gary A.\} and Fekete, \{Frank A.\}",

note = "Funding Information: We thank Brenda L. Fekete and Louis Pro-fenno for technical assistance; Michelle Toder for the literature search; Bev George for typing the manuscript; B. Rowe Byers, Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, and Robert P. Williams, Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, for helpful suggestions; L.N. Lester, University of Maine, Orono, for recording the high resolution NMR spectra; Robert J. Anderegg and Sue R. Bracket, University of Maine, Orono for mass spectral work. P. Westervelt is a recipient of the Colby College Summer Assistant Program. This work was supported by Research in Undergraduate Institutions (RUI) grant DMB-8410015 from the National Science Foundation.",

year = "1985",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01105.x",

language = "English",

volume = "30",

pages = "331--335",

journal = "FEMS Microbiology Letters",

issn = "0378-1097",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The isolation and identification of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid formed by nitrogen-fixing Azomonas macrocytogenes

AU - Westervelt, Peter

AU - Bloom, Michael L.

AU - Mabbott, Gary A.

AU - Fekete, Frank A.

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Brenda L. Fekete and Louis Pro-fenno for technical assistance; Michelle Toder for the literature search; Bev George for typing the manuscript; B. Rowe Byers, Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, and Robert P. Williams, Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, for helpful suggestions; L.N. Lester, University of Maine, Orono, for recording the high resolution NMR spectra; Robert J. Anderegg and Sue R. Bracket, University of Maine, Orono for mass spectral work. P. Westervelt is a recipient of the Colby College Summer Assistant Program. This work was supported by Research in Undergraduate Institutions (RUI) grant DMB-8410015 from the National Science Foundation.

PY - 1985/12

Y1 - 1985/12

N2 - The mechanism of iron acquisition was studied in nitrogen-fixing Azomonas macrocytogenes. Spent solid agar plating medium samples from Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient cultures were subjected to the high voltage paper electrophoresis siderophore assay. A yellow-green fluorescent peptide was elicited only under conditions of iron deficiency, whereas a novel dark blue fluorescent, Arnowpositive phenolic compound was detected under both Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient conditions. Both compounds formed colored complexes with ferric iron. SDS-PAGE analysis of outer envelope protein preparations revealed the hyperproduction of an 83 kDa protein under iron-limiting conditions. Chemical analysis indicated that the phenolate was 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid), a compound previously unreported as an extracellular product of a diazotroph.

AB - The mechanism of iron acquisition was studied in nitrogen-fixing Azomonas macrocytogenes. Spent solid agar plating medium samples from Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient cultures were subjected to the high voltage paper electrophoresis siderophore assay. A yellow-green fluorescent peptide was elicited only under conditions of iron deficiency, whereas a novel dark blue fluorescent, Arnowpositive phenolic compound was detected under both Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient conditions. Both compounds formed colored complexes with ferric iron. SDS-PAGE analysis of outer envelope protein preparations revealed the hyperproduction of an 83 kDa protein under iron-limiting conditions. Chemical analysis indicated that the phenolate was 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid), a compound previously unreported as an extracellular product of a diazotroph.

KW - Siderophore

KW - iron acquisition

KW - iron stress

KW - protocatechuic acid

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/0022404937

U2 - 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01105.x

DO - 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01105.x

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:0022404937

SN - 0378-1097

VL - 30

SP - 331

EP - 335

JO - FEMS Microbiology Letters

JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters

IS - 3

ER -

The isolation and identification of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid formed by nitrogen-fixing Azomonas macrocytogenes

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Keywords

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