TY - JOUR
T1 - The evolving story of human leukocyte antigen and the immunogenetics of peanut allergy
AU - Hemler, Jonathan A.
AU - Phillips, Elizabeth J.
AU - Mallal, Simon A.
AU - Kendall, Peggy L.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.
PY - 2015/12/1
Y1 - 2015/12/1
N2 - Objective Peanut allergy (PA) clearly has a heritable component. Specific genetic contributions are unknown, but human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci are obvious candidates. This review focuses on emerging studies of HLA associations with PA. Data Sources PubMed was searched with no time limitations using key terms human leukocyte antigen, HLA, MHC, peanut, peanut hypersensitivity, and peanut allergy. Study Selections Qualifying studies were English-language reports of genetic analyses examining PA and HLA associations. Results Seven relevant citations were identified, which were published from 1996 to 2015. Early studies using candidate gene approaches found associations between PA and HLA-DR and -DQ alleles (HLA-DRB1∗08 and DQB1∗06:03P) when comparing subjects with peanut allergy with nonallergic unrelated control groups. No significant associations were found between siblings with and without peanut allergy. However, a recent large genomewide association study of patients with peanut allergy and their family members found 2 PA-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs9275596 and rs7192) mapping to regions involving the HLA-DR and HLA-DQ genes. Associations with differential DNA methylation partly mediated the associations between PA and single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Conclusion Early studies using candidate gene approaches identified HLA associations with PA compared with the general population, suggesting a link with atopy but failing to identify a PA-specific association. These studies had various limitations that included small samples. The most compelling evidence for a PA-specific HLA association comes from a genomewide association study, which examined the entire genome in large, well-defined, related cohorts. More research is needed to validate and replicate these findings, to perform fine genetic mapping of specific HLA loci, and to demonstrate underlying mechanisms of HLA contributions to PA.
AB - Objective Peanut allergy (PA) clearly has a heritable component. Specific genetic contributions are unknown, but human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci are obvious candidates. This review focuses on emerging studies of HLA associations with PA. Data Sources PubMed was searched with no time limitations using key terms human leukocyte antigen, HLA, MHC, peanut, peanut hypersensitivity, and peanut allergy. Study Selections Qualifying studies were English-language reports of genetic analyses examining PA and HLA associations. Results Seven relevant citations were identified, which were published from 1996 to 2015. Early studies using candidate gene approaches found associations between PA and HLA-DR and -DQ alleles (HLA-DRB1∗08 and DQB1∗06:03P) when comparing subjects with peanut allergy with nonallergic unrelated control groups. No significant associations were found between siblings with and without peanut allergy. However, a recent large genomewide association study of patients with peanut allergy and their family members found 2 PA-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs9275596 and rs7192) mapping to regions involving the HLA-DR and HLA-DQ genes. Associations with differential DNA methylation partly mediated the associations between PA and single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Conclusion Early studies using candidate gene approaches identified HLA associations with PA compared with the general population, suggesting a link with atopy but failing to identify a PA-specific association. These studies had various limitations that included small samples. The most compelling evidence for a PA-specific HLA association comes from a genomewide association study, which examined the entire genome in large, well-defined, related cohorts. More research is needed to validate and replicate these findings, to perform fine genetic mapping of specific HLA loci, and to demonstrate underlying mechanisms of HLA contributions to PA.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84949807370&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.anai.2015.10.008
DO - 10.1016/j.anai.2015.10.008
M3 - Review article
C2 - 26522257
AN - SCOPUS:84949807370
SN - 1081-1206
VL - 115
SP - 471
EP - 476
JO - Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology
JF - Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology
IS - 6
ER -