The crux of the UGDP - Spurious results and biologically inappropriate data analysis

1) The statistical methods utilized by UGDP investigators were inappropriate to the biopharmacological nature of the questions addressed and the conclusions drawn from the study. 2) The anomalous sex ratio of cardiovascular deaths in PLBO subjects constitutes a spurious result which renders suspect all UGDP conclusions based on comparison with that group. Again, one must ask, "How and why did these problems happen and how can they be avoided in the future?" Our findings indicate the answer to the second part of the question; only UGDP investigators themselves can answer the first.