The biomechanics of the hip labrum and the stability of the hip

We explored the mechanical factors leading to the formation of labral tears and the effect of these lesions on hip kinematics at the extremes of joint motion. Using a 3D motion analysis system, the stability of six cadaveric hips was measured during loading maneuvers known to impose anterior loads on the joint margin. These measurements were repeated following venting of the capsule, and after creation of a 15-mm tear in the intact labrum. Compared to the intact hip, 43% and 60% less force was required to distract the femur by 3 mm after venting and creation of a tear. An ER torque of 177 in-lbf in 30° of flexion caused the vented and torn specimens to rotate 1.5° ± 2.7° and 7.1° ± 4.7° more than the intact specimen, and the femoral head to displace 1.21 ± 0.53 mm and 0.67 ± 0.35 mm, respectively. A breach of the integrity of labral function is shown to lead to decreased femoral stability relative to the acetabulum during extreme ranges of motion.