TY - JOUR
T1 - The association of proton pump inhibitors and chronic kidney disease
T2 - Cause or confounding?
AU - Li, Tingting
AU - Xie, Yan
AU - Al-Aly, Ziyad
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/5/1
Y1 - 2018/5/1
N2 - Purpose of review To discuss whether the recently described relationship between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the risk of adverse kidney outcomes represents a causal relationship or is merely the result of confounding. Recent findings A wave of observational studies has described an association between PPI use and the risk of development of chronic kidney disease and its progression to end-stage renal disease. The results are generally robust and remarkably consistent across different studies. The application of modern pharmacoepidemiologic methods to estimate the effect of a putative unmeasured or unknown confounder or set of confounders on the relationship of PPI use and risk of adverse renal outcomes suggests that confounding is unlikely to explain away the reported association. Summary The constellation of evidence from all available studies suggests that PPI use is associated with increased risk of adverse kidney outcomes. Exercising vigilance in the use of PPI is warranted.
AB - Purpose of review To discuss whether the recently described relationship between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the risk of adverse kidney outcomes represents a causal relationship or is merely the result of confounding. Recent findings A wave of observational studies has described an association between PPI use and the risk of development of chronic kidney disease and its progression to end-stage renal disease. The results are generally robust and remarkably consistent across different studies. The application of modern pharmacoepidemiologic methods to estimate the effect of a putative unmeasured or unknown confounder or set of confounders on the relationship of PPI use and risk of adverse renal outcomes suggests that confounding is unlikely to explain away the reported association. Summary The constellation of evidence from all available studies suggests that PPI use is associated with increased risk of adverse kidney outcomes. Exercising vigilance in the use of PPI is warranted.
KW - cause-effect
KW - chronic kidney disease
KW - confounding
KW - end-stage renal disease
KW - proton pump inhibitors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85045142382&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000406
DO - 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000406
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29432214
AN - SCOPUS:85045142382
SN - 1062-4821
VL - 27
SP - 182
EP - 187
JO - Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
JF - Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
IS - 3
ER -