TY - JOUR
T1 - The Association of Long COVID and CKD
T2 - Findings from the National Clinical Cohort Collaborative (N3C)
AU - the RECOVER EHR Cohort
AU - Anzalone, A. Jerrod
AU - Krichevsky, Spencer
AU - Yoo, Yun Jae
AU - Wilkins, Kenneth J.
AU - Alakwaa, Fadhl
AU - Liu, Feifan
AU - Sakhuja, Ankit
AU - Saltz, Joel H.
AU - Han, Yun
AU - Zhu, Richard L.
AU - Setoguchi, Soko
AU - Kane-Gill, Sandra L.
AU - Mallipattu, Sandeep K.
AU - He, Yongqun
AU - Ellison, David H.
AU - Byrd, James Brian
AU - Parikh, Chirag R.
AU - Saran, Rajiv
AU - Moffitt, Richard A.
AU - Koraishy, Farrukh M.
AU - Wilcox, Adam B.
AU - Lee, Adam M.
AU - Graves, Alexis
AU - Anzalone, Alfred (Jerrod)
AU - Manna, Amin
AU - Saha, Amit
AU - Olex, Amy
AU - Zhou, Andrea
AU - Williams, Andrew E.
AU - Southerland, Andrew
AU - Girvin, Andrew T.
AU - Walden, Anita
AU - Sharathkumar, Anjali A.
AU - Amor, Benjamin
AU - Bates, Benjamin
AU - Hendricks, Brian
AU - Patel, Brijesh
AU - Alexander, Caleb
AU - Bramante, Carolyn
AU - Ward-Caviness, Cavin
AU - Madlock-Brown, Charisse
AU - Suver, Christine
AU - Chute, Christopher
AU - Dillon, Christopher
AU - Wu, Chunlei
AU - Schmitt, Clare
AU - Takemoto, Cliff
AU - Housman, Dan
AU - Gabriel, Davera
AU - Eichmann, David A.
AU - Mazzotti, Diego
AU - Brown, Don
AU - Boudreau, Eilis
AU - Hill, Elaine
AU - Marti, Emily Carlson
AU - Pfaff, Emily R.
AU - French, Evan
AU - Koraishy, Farrukh M.
AU - Mariona, Federico
AU - Prior, Fred
AU - Sokos, George
AU - Martin, Greg
AU - Lehmann, Harold
AU - Spratt, Heidi
AU - Mehta, Hemalkumar
AU - Hayanga, J. W.Awori
AU - Pincavitch, Jami
AU - Clark, Jaylyn
AU - Harper, Jeremy Richard
AU - Islam, Jessica
AU - Ge, Jin
AU - Gagnier, Joel
AU - Loomba, Johanna
AU - Buse, John
AU - Mathew, Jomol
AU - Rutter, Joni L.
AU - Mcmurry, Julie A.
AU - Guinney, Justin
AU - Starren, Justin
AU - Crowley, Karen
AU - Bradwell, Katie Rebecca
AU - Walters, Kellie M.
AU - Wilkins, Ken
AU - Gersing, Kenneth R.
AU - Cato, Kenrick Dwain
AU - Murray, Kimberly
AU - Kostka, Kristin
AU - Northington, Lavance
AU - Pyles, Lee Allan
AU - Cottrell, Lesley
AU - Portilla, Lili
AU - Deacy, Mariam
AU - Bissell, Mark M.
AU - Clark, Marshall
AU - Emmett, Mary
AU - Palchuk, Matvey B.
AU - Haendel, Melissa A.
AU - Adams, Meredith
AU - Temple-O'connor, Meredith
AU - Kurilla, Michael G.
AU - Morris, Michele
AU - Safdar, Nasia
AU - Garbarini, Nicole
AU - Sharafeldin, Noha
AU - Sadan, Ofer
AU - Francis, Patricia A.
AU - Burgoon, Penny Wung
AU - Payne, Philip R.O.
AU - Jawa, Randeep
AU - Erwin-Cohen, Rebecca
AU - Patel, Rena
AU - Moffitt, Richard A.
AU - Zhu, Richard L.
AU - Kamaleswaran, Rishi
AU - Hurley, Robert
AU - Miller, Robert T.
AU - Pyarajan, Saiju
AU - Michael, Sam G.
AU - Bozzette, Samuel
AU - Mallipattu, Sandeep
AU - Vedula, Satyanarayana
AU - Chapman, Scott
AU - O'neil, Shawn T.
AU - Setoguchi, Soko
AU - Hong, Stephanie S.
AU - Johnson, Steve
AU - Bennett, Tellen D.
AU - Callahan, Tiffany
AU - Topaloglu, Umit
AU - Gordon, Valery
AU - Subbian, Vignesh
AU - Kibbe, Warren A.
AU - Hernandez, Wenndy
AU - Beasley, Will
AU - Cooper, Will
AU - Hillegass, William
AU - Zhang, Xiaohan Tanner
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 by the American Society of Nephrology.
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - Background:Among patients with acute coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), the association of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and Long COVID has not been reported in large multi-center cohorts.Methods:This study used data from 59 healthcare systems across the United States, in the National Clinical Cohort Collaborative (N3C) COVID Enclave, to analyze the relationship between CKD and Long COVID among adults diagnosed with acute COVID-19 between October 2021 and September 2023. We conducted two main analyses. First analysis: we tested if baseline CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73m2 or diagnostic code) or baseline end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are risk factors for Long COVID (identified using ICD-10-CM code U09.9). We secondarily assessed associations between baseline mild CKD (Stage 3a, eGFR 45 -59 ml/min/1.73m2) and Long COVID. Second Analysis: among patients without baseline CKD/ESKD, we examined if incident CKD/ESKD and eGFR decline (≥20% in one year) were associated with Long COVID. We used propensity score matching (PSM) for demographics and data-contributing site, with models adjusted for risk factors and competing risk of death. All outcomes were evaluated within a 365-day follow-up period from the onset of acute COVID-19.Results:First analysis: From an unmatched cohort of 2,385,20 patients with acute COVID-19, those with baseline CKD/ESKD had a higher risk of Long COVID (adjusted sub-distribution hazard ratio [sHR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.18) after matching. A similar risk was noted even among those with mild CKD (sHR: 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.25). Second Analysis: Among patients with acute COVID-19 and without baseline CKD/ESKD, Long COVID was associated with incident CKD/ESKD (sHR 1.65, 95% CI 1.51-1.81) and 20% or greater eGFR decline (sHR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04-1.40) within one year.Conclusions:CKD, even mild, was associated with an higher risk of Long COVID. Among those without baseline CKD, Long COVID was associated with incident CKD and eGFR decline.
AB - Background:Among patients with acute coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), the association of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and Long COVID has not been reported in large multi-center cohorts.Methods:This study used data from 59 healthcare systems across the United States, in the National Clinical Cohort Collaborative (N3C) COVID Enclave, to analyze the relationship between CKD and Long COVID among adults diagnosed with acute COVID-19 between October 2021 and September 2023. We conducted two main analyses. First analysis: we tested if baseline CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73m2 or diagnostic code) or baseline end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are risk factors for Long COVID (identified using ICD-10-CM code U09.9). We secondarily assessed associations between baseline mild CKD (Stage 3a, eGFR 45 -59 ml/min/1.73m2) and Long COVID. Second Analysis: among patients without baseline CKD/ESKD, we examined if incident CKD/ESKD and eGFR decline (≥20% in one year) were associated with Long COVID. We used propensity score matching (PSM) for demographics and data-contributing site, with models adjusted for risk factors and competing risk of death. All outcomes were evaluated within a 365-day follow-up period from the onset of acute COVID-19.Results:First analysis: From an unmatched cohort of 2,385,20 patients with acute COVID-19, those with baseline CKD/ESKD had a higher risk of Long COVID (adjusted sub-distribution hazard ratio [sHR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.18) after matching. A similar risk was noted even among those with mild CKD (sHR: 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.25). Second Analysis: Among patients with acute COVID-19 and without baseline CKD/ESKD, Long COVID was associated with incident CKD/ESKD (sHR 1.65, 95% CI 1.51-1.81) and 20% or greater eGFR decline (sHR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04-1.40) within one year.Conclusions:CKD, even mild, was associated with an higher risk of Long COVID. Among those without baseline CKD, Long COVID was associated with incident CKD and eGFR decline.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105012622769
U2 - 10.2215/CJN.0000000773
DO - 10.2215/CJN.0000000773
M3 - Article
C2 - 40762975
AN - SCOPUS:105012622769
SN - 1555-9041
JO - Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
JF - Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
M1 - 0773
ER -