Tests and test feedback as learning sources

Two experiments examined the influence of test taking and feedback in promoting learning. Participants were shown a list of trivia facts during an incidental learning task. Some facts were later tested (plus feedback provided), whereas other facts were not presented for further processing. Tested facts were better recalled on a final criterion test than untested facts, showing the beneficial effects of testing. Tested facts were also better recalled than facts that were presented for additional study (Experiment 1). Although testing plus feedback enhanced learning, there were no effects of whether the participants were required simply to repeat the feedback or elaborate it.