Supporting self-reliance for displaced and host populations: insights from the Self-Reliance Index across 16 countries

Objective To examine household-level patterns of self-reliance among forcibly displaced and host populations using the Self-Reliance Index (SRI) and identify opportunities for strengthening humanitarian programming, policy frameworks and service delivery systems that support sustainable well-being. Methods This secondary analysis draws on data from 7850 households collected by 10 organisations across 16 countries between 2020 and 2024. The SRI assesses self-reliance across 12 domains. We analysed baseline and longitudinal data disaggregated by camp and non-camp settings using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings Baseline SRI scores were low overall (mean=2.21, SD=0.81, scale 1–5), indicating unmet essential needs and high reliance on external assistance. Among 1962 households assessed longitudinally, non-camp households demonstrated significant improvements (p<0.001) in employment (+0.66), financial resources (+0.0.60), debt reduction (+1.05) and savings (+1.21). Camp-based households, in contrast, showed minimal improvements, with some domains declining. Conclusion These findings highlight the potential for targeted programming in non-camp environments to foster household resilience. Policy reforms, multisectoral investments and inclusive development strategies are essential to support sustainable self-reliance among displaced populations and host communities.