Social Isolation and Incident Heart Failure Hospitalization in Older Women: Women’s Health Initiative Study Findings

Crystal W. Cené, Xiaoyan Iris Leng, Khushnood Faraz, Matthew Allison, Khadijah Breathett, Chloe Bird, Mace Coday, Giselle Corbie-Smith, Randi Foraker, Nkechinyere N. Ijioma, Milagros C. Rosal, Shawnita Sealy-Jefferson, Tetyana P. Shippee, Candyce H. Kroenke

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

10 Scopus citations

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The association of social isolation or lack of social network ties in older adults is unknown. This knowledge gap is important since the risk of heart failure (HF) and social isolation increase with age. The study examines whether social isolation is associated with incident HF in older women, and examines depressive symptoms as a potential mediator and age and race and ethnicity as effect modifiers. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study included 44 174 postmenopausal women of diverse race and ethnicity from the WHI (Women’s Health Initiative) study who underwent annual assessment for HF adjudication from baseline enrollment (1993– 1998) through 2018. We conducted a mediation analysis to examine depressive symptoms as a potential mediator and further examined effect modification by age and race and ethnicity. Incident HF requiring hospitalization was the main outcome. Social isolation was a composite variable based on marital/partner status, religious ties, and community ties. Depressive symptoms were assessed using CES-D (Center for Epidemiology Studies-Depression). Over a median follow-up of 15.0 years, we analyzed data from 36 457 women, and 2364 (6.5%) incident HF cases occurred; 2510 (6.9%) participants were socially isolated. In multivariable analyses adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, and general health/functioning; socially isolated women had a higher risk of incident HF than nonisolated women (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08–1.41). Adding depressive symptoms in the model did not change this association (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.07–1.40). Neither race and ethnicity nor age moderated the association between social isolation and incident HF. CONCLUSIONS: Socially isolated older women are at increased risk for developing HF, independent of traditional HF risk factors.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere022907
JournalJournal of the American Heart Association
Volume11
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 1 2022

Keywords

  • heart failure
  • older adults
  • social isolation
  • women

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Social Isolation and Incident Heart Failure Hospitalization in Older Women: Women’s Health Initiative Study Findings'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this