@article{121d7076f8a94262ade89676bcb9813d,
title = "Smartphone data during the COVID-19 pandemic can quantify behavioral changes in people with ALS",
abstract = "Introduction: Passive data from smartphone sensors may be useful for health-care research. Our aim was to use the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as a positive control to assess the ability to quantify behavioral changes in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) from smartphone data. Methods: Eight participants used the Beiwe smartphone application, which passively measured their location during the COVID-19 outbreak. We used an interrupted time series to quantify the effect of the US state of emergency declaration on daily home time and daily distance traveled. Results: After the state of emergency declaration, median daily home time increased from 19.4 (interquartile range [IQR], 15.4-22.0) hours to 23.7 (IQR, 22.2-24.0) hours and median distance traveled decreased from 42 (IQR, 13-83) km to 3.7 (IQR, 1.5-10.3) km. The participant with the lowest functional ability changed behavior earlier. This participant stayed at home more and traveled less than the participant with highest functional ability, both before and after the state of emergency. Discussion: We provide evidence that smartphone-based digital phenotyping can quantify the behavior of people with ALS. Although participants spent large amounts of time at home at baseline, the COVID-19 state of emergency declaration reduced their mobility further. Given participants' high level of daily home time, it is possible that their exposure to COVID-19 could be less than that of the general population.",
keywords = "ALS, COVID-19, digital phenotyping, mobile health, smartphones",
author = "Beukenhorst, {Anna L.} and Ella Collins and Burke, {Katherine M.} and Rahman, {Syed Minhajur} and Margaret Clapp and Konanki, {Sai Charan} and Sabrina Paganoni and Miller, {Timothy M.} and James Chan and Onnela, {Jukka Pekka} and Berry, {James D.}",
note = "Funding Information: J.D.B. reports consulting fees from Biogen, Clene Nanomedicine, and Alexion. He has received research support from Biogen, MT Pharma of America, Anelixis Therapeutics, Amylyx Therapeutics, Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics, Genentech, nQ Medical, NINDS, Muscular Dystrophy Association, ALS One, and ALS Finding A Cure. S.P. reports research grants from the ALS Association, ALS Finding a Cure, the American Academy of Neurology, the Spastic Paraplegia Foundation, Amylyx Therapeutics, Revalesio Corp, Ra Pharma, Biohaven, Clene Nanomedicine, Prilenia. T.M.M. reports licensing agreements with C2N and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, has served on advisory boards for and receives material support from Biogen, and is a consultant for Cytokinetics and Disarm Therapeutics. J.‐P.O. receives his sole compensation as a faculty member of Harvard University. His research at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health is supported by research awards from the National Institutes of Health, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Apple. He received an unrestricted gift from Mindstrong Health in 2018. He is a cofounder and board member of a recently established commercial entity that operates in digital phenotyping. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Authors. Muscle & Nerve published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.",
year = "2021",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1002/mus.27110",
language = "English",
volume = "63",
pages = "258--262",
journal = "Muscle and Nerve",
issn = "0148-639X",
number = "2",
}