Signals for the transition from liquid to gas in hot nuclei

V. E. Viola; T. Lefort; L. Beaulieu; K. Kwiatkowski; G. Wang; R. De Souza; L. Pienkowski; A. Botvina; H. Breuer; D. Durand; R. G. Korteling; R. Laforest; E. Martin; E. Ramakrishnan; D. Rowland; A. Ruangma; E. Winchester; S. J. Yennello

doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(00)00526-1

Signals for the transition from liquid to gas in hot nuclei

V. E. Viola, T. Lefort, L. Beaulieu, K. Kwiatkowski, G. Wang, R. De Souza, L. Pienkowski, A. Botvina, H. Breuer, D. Durand, R. G. Korteling, R. Laforest, E. Martin, E. Ramakrishnan, D. Rowland, A. Ruangma, E. Winchester, S. J. Yennello

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Abstract

Hot nuclei produced in 5-15 GeV proton-, pion-and antiproton-induced reactions on ¹⁹⁷Au have been studied with the Indiana Silicon Sphere (ISiS) charged-particle detector array at the Brookhaven AGS accelerator. Each event has been reconstructed from the data to determine the excitation energy, charge and mass of the emitting source. Using E*/A as a sorting variable, the IMF kinetic energy spectra have been examined to assess the degree of thermal expansion in these reactions. Relative to SMM and SIMON-explosion calculations, the data suggest a weak extra thermal expansion energy above E*/A ≈ 5 MeV. IMF-IMF correlation functions show an order-of-magnitude decrease in the relative emission time in the interval E*/A ≈ 2-5 MeV. Above this value, a constant limiting time of 20-50 fm/c is found. These observations are consistent with the transition from liquid to vapor due to thermal heating.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	267-274
Number of pages	8
Journal	Nuclear Physics A
Volume	681
Issue number	1-4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(00)00526-1
State	Published - Jan 29 2001

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Viola, V. E., Lefort, T., Beaulieu, L., Kwiatkowski, K., Wang, G., De Souza, R., Pienkowski, L., Botvina, A., Breuer, H., Durand, D., Korteling, R. G., Laforest, R., Martin, E., Ramakrishnan, E., Rowland, D., Ruangma, A., Winchester, E., & Yennello, S. J. (2001). Signals for the transition from liquid to gas in hot nuclei. Nuclear Physics A, 681(1-4), 267-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(00)00526-1

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title = "Signals for the transition from liquid to gas in hot nuclei",

abstract = "Hot nuclei produced in 5-15 GeV proton-, pion-and antiproton-induced reactions on 197Au have been studied with the Indiana Silicon Sphere (ISiS) charged-particle detector array at the Brookhaven AGS accelerator. Each event has been reconstructed from the data to determine the excitation energy, charge and mass of the emitting source. Using E*/A as a sorting variable, the IMF kinetic energy spectra have been examined to assess the degree of thermal expansion in these reactions. Relative to SMM and SIMON-explosion calculations, the data suggest a weak extra thermal expansion energy above E*/A ≈ 5 MeV. IMF-IMF correlation functions show an order-of-magnitude decrease in the relative emission time in the interval E*/A ≈ 2-5 MeV. Above this value, a constant limiting time of 20-50 fm/c is found. These observations are consistent with the transition from liquid to vapor due to thermal heating.",

author = "Viola, {V. E.} and T. Lefort and L. Beaulieu and K. Kwiatkowski and G. Wang and {De Souza}, R. and L. Pienkowski and A. Botvina and H. Breuer and D. Durand and Korteling, {R. G.} and R. Laforest and E. Martin and E. Ramakrishnan and D. Rowland and A. Ruangma and E. Winchester and Yennello, {S. J.}",

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month = jan,

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doi = "10.1016/s0375-9474(00)00526-1",

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Viola, VE, Lefort, T, Beaulieu, L, Kwiatkowski, K, Wang, G, De Souza, R, Pienkowski, L, Botvina, A, Breuer, H, Durand, D, Korteling, RG, Laforest, R, Martin, E, Ramakrishnan, E, Rowland, D, Ruangma, A, Winchester, E & Yennello, SJ 2001, 'Signals for the transition from liquid to gas in hot nuclei', Nuclear Physics A, vol. 681, no. 1-4, pp. 267-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(00)00526-1

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T1 - Signals for the transition from liquid to gas in hot nuclei

AU - Viola, V. E.

AU - Lefort, T.

AU - Beaulieu, L.

AU - Kwiatkowski, K.

AU - Wang, G.

AU - De Souza, R.

AU - Pienkowski, L.

AU - Botvina, A.

AU - Breuer, H.

AU - Durand, D.

AU - Korteling, R. G.

AU - Laforest, R.

AU - Martin, E.

AU - Ramakrishnan, E.

AU - Rowland, D.

AU - Ruangma, A.

AU - Winchester, E.

AU - Yennello, S. J.

PY - 2001/1/29

Y1 - 2001/1/29

N2 - Hot nuclei produced in 5-15 GeV proton-, pion-and antiproton-induced reactions on 197Au have been studied with the Indiana Silicon Sphere (ISiS) charged-particle detector array at the Brookhaven AGS accelerator. Each event has been reconstructed from the data to determine the excitation energy, charge and mass of the emitting source. Using E*/A as a sorting variable, the IMF kinetic energy spectra have been examined to assess the degree of thermal expansion in these reactions. Relative to SMM and SIMON-explosion calculations, the data suggest a weak extra thermal expansion energy above E*/A ≈ 5 MeV. IMF-IMF correlation functions show an order-of-magnitude decrease in the relative emission time in the interval E*/A ≈ 2-5 MeV. Above this value, a constant limiting time of 20-50 fm/c is found. These observations are consistent with the transition from liquid to vapor due to thermal heating.

AB - Hot nuclei produced in 5-15 GeV proton-, pion-and antiproton-induced reactions on 197Au have been studied with the Indiana Silicon Sphere (ISiS) charged-particle detector array at the Brookhaven AGS accelerator. Each event has been reconstructed from the data to determine the excitation energy, charge and mass of the emitting source. Using E*/A as a sorting variable, the IMF kinetic energy spectra have been examined to assess the degree of thermal expansion in these reactions. Relative to SMM and SIMON-explosion calculations, the data suggest a weak extra thermal expansion energy above E*/A ≈ 5 MeV. IMF-IMF correlation functions show an order-of-magnitude decrease in the relative emission time in the interval E*/A ≈ 2-5 MeV. Above this value, a constant limiting time of 20-50 fm/c is found. These observations are consistent with the transition from liquid to vapor due to thermal heating.

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U2 - 10.1016/s0375-9474(00)00526-1

DO - 10.1016/s0375-9474(00)00526-1

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SN - 0375-9474

VL - 681

SP - 267

EP - 274

JO - Nuclear Physics A

JF - Nuclear Physics A

IS - 1-4

ER -

Signals for the transition from liquid to gas in hot nuclei

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