TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex- and Strain-Specific Expression and Vomeronasal Activity of Mouse ESP Family Peptides
AU - Kimoto, Hiroko
AU - Sato, Koji
AU - Nodari, Francesco
AU - Haga, Sachiko
AU - Holy, Timothy E.
AU - Touhara, Kazushige
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank members of F. Aoki and Y. Mori laboratories for teaching mouse operation procedures, S. Kawamura for advices on evolutional analysis, and members of K.T.'s lab for valuable discussion. This work was supported in part by grants from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and the Program for Promotion of Basic Research Activities for Innovative Biosciences (PROBRAIN) Japan to K.T., and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (DC005964) to T.E.H.
PY - 2007/11/6
Y1 - 2007/11/6
N2 - Male mice secrete exocrine-gland-secreting peptide 1 (ESP1) from the extraorbital lacrimal gland into tear fluid [1]. Other mice detect ESP1 through sensory neurons in the vomeronasal organ (VNO), a secondary olfactory system that senses pheromonal information, including sex, strain, and species. ESP1 is now known to be a member of a multigene family that encodes peptides of various lengths. We herein performed genomic and expression analyses of the ESP family. The ESP family consists of 38 members in mice and 10 members in rat but is absent from the human genome, suggesting rapid molecular evolution. In addition to the male-specific ESP1, we discovered one, which we designated ESP36, that, in adult BALB/c mice, is expressed only in the female extraorbital lacrimal gland. The sexually dimorphic expression is ensured by the release of testosterone after puberty. However, we observed dramatic differences in the expression levels of ESPs between strains. Finally, all ESPs elicited an electrical response in the vomeronasal epithelium but not in the main olfactory epithelium. Multielectrode recording of VNO activity demonstrated that ESP1 induces action potentials in vomeronasal neurons, leading to an increase in the spike firing rate, and that ESP1 is recognized by narrowly tuned vomeronasal sensory neurons. Sexual dimorphism and strain differences of ESPs and their reception in the VNO suggest that the ESP family can convey information about sex and individual identity via the vomeronasal system. The chemosensation of this nonvolatile peptide family by direct contact appears to be one of strategies for sociosexual communication in rodent species.
AB - Male mice secrete exocrine-gland-secreting peptide 1 (ESP1) from the extraorbital lacrimal gland into tear fluid [1]. Other mice detect ESP1 through sensory neurons in the vomeronasal organ (VNO), a secondary olfactory system that senses pheromonal information, including sex, strain, and species. ESP1 is now known to be a member of a multigene family that encodes peptides of various lengths. We herein performed genomic and expression analyses of the ESP family. The ESP family consists of 38 members in mice and 10 members in rat but is absent from the human genome, suggesting rapid molecular evolution. In addition to the male-specific ESP1, we discovered one, which we designated ESP36, that, in adult BALB/c mice, is expressed only in the female extraorbital lacrimal gland. The sexually dimorphic expression is ensured by the release of testosterone after puberty. However, we observed dramatic differences in the expression levels of ESPs between strains. Finally, all ESPs elicited an electrical response in the vomeronasal epithelium but not in the main olfactory epithelium. Multielectrode recording of VNO activity demonstrated that ESP1 induces action potentials in vomeronasal neurons, leading to an increase in the spike firing rate, and that ESP1 is recognized by narrowly tuned vomeronasal sensory neurons. Sexual dimorphism and strain differences of ESPs and their reception in the VNO suggest that the ESP family can convey information about sex and individual identity via the vomeronasal system. The chemosensation of this nonvolatile peptide family by direct contact appears to be one of strategies for sociosexual communication in rodent species.
KW - MOLNEURO
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=35549007215&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cub.2007.09.042
DO - 10.1016/j.cub.2007.09.042
M3 - Article
C2 - 17935991
AN - SCOPUS:35549007215
VL - 17
SP - 1879
EP - 1884
JO - Current Biology
JF - Current Biology
SN - 0960-9822
IS - 21
ER -