@article{86a85174e900435ca25c67547d0b5bce,
title = "Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution",
abstract = "We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome-composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes-provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.",
author = "{International Chicken Genome Sequencing Consortium} and Hillier, {Ladeana W.} and Webb Miller and Ewan Birney and Wesley Warren and Hardison, {Ross C.} and Ponting, {Chris P.} and Peer Bork and Burt, {David W.} and Groenen, {Martien A.M.} and Delany, {Mary E.} and Dodgson, {Jerry B.} and Chinwalla, {Asif T.} and Cliften, {Paul F.} and Clifton, {Sandra W.} and Delehaunty, {Kimberly D.} and Catrina Fronick and Fulton, {Robert S.} and Graves, {Tina A.} and Colin Kremitzki and Dan Layman and Vincent Magrini and McPherson, {John D.} and Miner, {Tracie L.} and Patrick Minx and Nash, {William E.} and Nhan, {Michael N.} and Nelson, {Joanne O.} and Oddy, {Lachlan G.} and Pohl, {Craig S.} and Jennifer Randall-Maher and Smith, {Scott M.} and Wallis, {John W.} and Yang, {Shiaw Pyng} and Romanov, {Michael N.} and Rondelli, {Catherine M.} and Bob Paton and Jacqueline Smith and David Morrice and Laura Daniels and Tempest, {Helen G.} and Lindsay Robertson and Masabanda, {Julio S.} and Griffin, {Darren K.} and Alain Vignal and Valerie Fillon and Lina Jacobbson and Susanne Kerje and Leif Andersson and Crooijmans, {Richard P.M.} and Fulton, {Lucinda A.}",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements We thank all members of the Noji and Takeuchi laboratories, and H. Arata and A. Tixier-Mita for discussion and experimental support; R. Yasuda for PC programming of image analysis (CREST image); and Central Workshop in IIS for an optical microscope stage. This work was performed in the framework of LIMMS/CNRS-IIS, and supported in part by Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution (H.N. and S.T.), and Grants-in-Aid from Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan (H.N., H.F. and S.T.). Y.R. and G.T. are Research Fellows of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Funding Information: Acknowledgements The Gallus gallus sequence and map generation at Washington University School of Medicine{\textquoteright}s Genome Sequencing Center was supported by grants from the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). For work from other groups, we acknowledge the support of the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Center for Integrative Genomics Funds, Childcare and Lejeune Foundations, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Science and Technology, Department of Energy, Desiree and Niels Yde Foundation, European Union, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Fonds Quebec¸ois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Science Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Swedish Research Council, Swiss NCCR Frontiers in Genetics, Swiss National Science Foundation, USDA/CSREES National Research Initiative, USDA/CSREES National Animal Genome Research Program, Wallenberg Consortium North and the AgriFunGen program at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, UK Medical Research Council, University of California Presidential Chair Fund, University of Pennsylvania Genomics Institute Award, University of Texas at Arlington, and the Wellcome Trust. Resources for exploring the sequence and annotation data are available on browser displays available at Ensembl (http://www.ensembl.org), UCSC (http://genome.ucsc.edu) and the NCBI (http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). We thank R. Waterston for advice regarding the manuscript.",
year = "2004",
month = dec,
day = "9",
doi = "10.1038/nature03154",
language = "English",
volume = "432",
pages = "695--716",
journal = "Nature",
issn = "0028-0836",
number = "7018",
}