Sepsis increases intracellular free calcium in brain

Using magnetic resonance methods and a clinically relevant rodent model of sepsis, we have made in vivo measurements of increased intracellular calcium in a pathologic state in the CNS. The intracellular calcium concentration was increased nearly twofold in septic rat brain compared with controls (p < 0.0001). This result, in a fully intact functioning mammalian system, ties together a previous spectrum of indirect evidence from numerous laboratories suggesting an important role for elevated intracellular calcium in sepsis. In addition, levels of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α were elevated threefold in septic rat brain (p < 0.02), and electron microscopic examination revealed scattered injury in ~0.25% of glial cells. These findings are discussed in light of the current understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis.