TY - JOUR
T1 - SEED
T2 - The six excesses (Liu Yin) evaluation and diagnosis scale
AU - Chiang, Pei Jung
AU - Li, Tsai Chung
AU - Chang, Chih Hung
AU - Chen, Li Li
AU - Lin, Jun Dai
AU - Su, Yi Chang
N1 - Funding Information:
This project was supported by Grant (number CCMP97‑RD‑113) from the Committee on Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taiwan. The support of statistic analysis from the Biostatistics Center of China Medical University was also appreciated.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Chiang et al.
PY - 2015/10/27
Y1 - 2015/10/27
N2 - Background: Infections such as common colds, influenza, acute upper respiratory infections, bacterial gastroenteritis, and urinary tract infections are usually diagnosed according to patients' signs and symptoms. This study aims to develop a scale for the diagnosis of infectious diseases based on the six excesses (Liu Yin) etiological theory of Chinese medicine (CM) by the Delphi method. Methods: A total of 200 CM-guided diagnostic items measuring signs and symptoms for infectious diseases were compiled from CM literature archives from the Han to Ming dynasties, CM textbooks in both China and Taiwan, and journal articles from the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database. The items were based on infections and the six excesses (Liu Yin) etiological theory, i.e., Feng Xie (wind excess), Han Xie (coldness excess), Shu Xie (summer heat excess), Shi Xie (dampness excess), Zao Xie (dryness excess), and Huo Xie (fire excess). The items were further classified into the six excess syndromes and reviewed via a Delphi process to reach consensus among CM experts. Results: In total, 178 items with a mean or median rating of 7 or above on a scale of 1-9 from a panel of 32 experts were retained. The numbers of diagnostic items in the categories of Feng (wind), Han (coldness), Shu (summer heat), Shi (dampness), Zao (dryness), and Huo (fire) syndromes were 15, 22, 25, 37, 17, and 62, respectively. Conclusions: A CM-based six excesses (Liu Yin) evaluation and diagnosis (SEED) scale was developed for the evaluation and diagnosis of infectious diseases based only on signs and symptoms.
AB - Background: Infections such as common colds, influenza, acute upper respiratory infections, bacterial gastroenteritis, and urinary tract infections are usually diagnosed according to patients' signs and symptoms. This study aims to develop a scale for the diagnosis of infectious diseases based on the six excesses (Liu Yin) etiological theory of Chinese medicine (CM) by the Delphi method. Methods: A total of 200 CM-guided diagnostic items measuring signs and symptoms for infectious diseases were compiled from CM literature archives from the Han to Ming dynasties, CM textbooks in both China and Taiwan, and journal articles from the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database. The items were based on infections and the six excesses (Liu Yin) etiological theory, i.e., Feng Xie (wind excess), Han Xie (coldness excess), Shu Xie (summer heat excess), Shi Xie (dampness excess), Zao Xie (dryness excess), and Huo Xie (fire excess). The items were further classified into the six excess syndromes and reviewed via a Delphi process to reach consensus among CM experts. Results: In total, 178 items with a mean or median rating of 7 or above on a scale of 1-9 from a panel of 32 experts were retained. The numbers of diagnostic items in the categories of Feng (wind), Han (coldness), Shu (summer heat), Shi (dampness), Zao (dryness), and Huo (fire) syndromes were 15, 22, 25, 37, 17, and 62, respectively. Conclusions: A CM-based six excesses (Liu Yin) evaluation and diagnosis (SEED) scale was developed for the evaluation and diagnosis of infectious diseases based only on signs and symptoms.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84945270170&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s13020-015-0059-4
DO - 10.1186/s13020-015-0059-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 26516343
AN - SCOPUS:84945270170
SN - 1749-8546
VL - 10
JO - Chinese Medicine (United Kingdom)
JF - Chinese Medicine (United Kingdom)
IS - 1
M1 - 30
ER -