Retrospective analysis of treatment patterns and effectiveness of palbociclib and subsequent regimens in metastatic breast cancer

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors are now the standard of care for hormone receptor–positive (HR1), HER2-negative (HER–) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, guidelines are lacking regarding their optimal sequencing with other available agents. This study examines physician practice patterns and treatment outcomes of palbociclib and subsequent therapies in a real-world setting. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for consecutive patients with MBC who received palbociclib between February 2015 and August 2017 at the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center. Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate time-to-event curves and estimate median progression-free survival (mPFS). Log-rank test was used to compare differences. Results: A total of 200 patients, with a median age of 59.4 years and a follow-up of 19.5 months, were included. Palbociclib was most frequently combined with letrozole (73.5%), followed by fulvestrant (25%), anastrozole (1%), and tamoxifen (0.5%). Most patients received palbociclib in the endocrine-resistant setting (n542, n550, and n5108 in the first-, second-, and subsequent-line settings, respectively), and the fraction of patients receiving palbociclib as first- or second-line therapy increased in recent months (P5.0428). mPFS was 20.7, 12.8, and 4.0 months with palbociclib administered in the first-, second-, and subsequent-line settings, respectively (P,.0001). Incidences of grade 3/4 neutropenia (41.5%) and dose reductions (29%) were comparable to reports in the literature. Among patients whose disease progressed on palbociclib (n5104), the most frequent next-line treatment was capecitabine (n521), followed by eribulin (n516), nab-paclitaxel (n515), and exemestane 1 everolimus (n512). mPFS with hormone therapy alone or in combination with targeted agents (n532) after first-, second-, and subsequent-line palbociclib was 17.0, 9.3, and 4.2 months, respectively (P5.04). mPFS with chemotherapy (n570) was not reached, 4.7, and 4.1 months after first-, second-, and subsequent-line palbociclib, respectively (P5.56). Conclusions: Palbociclib is effective for HR1/HER2– MBC in real-world practice. Hormone therapy alone or in combination with targeted agents remains an effective option after palbociclib progression.