TY - JOUR
T1 - Rethinking Motor Learning and Savings in Adaptation Paradigms
T2 - Model-Free Memory for Successful Actions Combines with Internal Models
AU - Huang, Vincent S.
AU - Haith, Adrian
AU - Mazzoni, Pietro
AU - Krakauer, John W.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2011/5/26
Y1 - 2011/5/26
N2 - Although motor learning is likely to involve multiple processes, phenomena observed in error-based motor learning paradigms tend to be conceptualized in terms of only a single process: adaptation, which occurs through updating an internal model. Here we argue that fundamental phenomena like movement direction biases, savings (faster relearning), and interference do not relate to adaptation but instead are attributable to two additional learning processes that can be characterized as model-free: use-dependent plasticity and operant reinforcement. Although usually " hidden" behind adaptation, we demonstrate, with modified visuomotor rotation paradigms, that these distinct model-based and model-free processes combine to learn an error-based motor task. (1) Adaptation of an internal model channels movements toward successful error reduction in visual space. (2) Repetition of the newly adapted movement induces directional biases toward the repeated movement. (3) Operant reinforcement through association of the adapted movement with successful error reduction is responsible for savings.
AB - Although motor learning is likely to involve multiple processes, phenomena observed in error-based motor learning paradigms tend to be conceptualized in terms of only a single process: adaptation, which occurs through updating an internal model. Here we argue that fundamental phenomena like movement direction biases, savings (faster relearning), and interference do not relate to adaptation but instead are attributable to two additional learning processes that can be characterized as model-free: use-dependent plasticity and operant reinforcement. Although usually " hidden" behind adaptation, we demonstrate, with modified visuomotor rotation paradigms, that these distinct model-based and model-free processes combine to learn an error-based motor task. (1) Adaptation of an internal model channels movements toward successful error reduction in visual space. (2) Repetition of the newly adapted movement induces directional biases toward the repeated movement. (3) Operant reinforcement through association of the adapted movement with successful error reduction is responsible for savings.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79956192969&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.04.012
DO - 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.04.012
M3 - Article
C2 - 21609832
AN - SCOPUS:79956192969
VL - 70
SP - 787
EP - 801
JO - Neuron
JF - Neuron
SN - 0896-6273
IS - 4
ER -