TY - JOUR
T1 - Response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in immune mediated inflammatory diseases
T2 - Systematic review and meta-analysis
AU - Jena, Anuraag
AU - Mishra, Shubhra
AU - Deepak, Parakkal
AU - Kumar-M, Praveen
AU - Sharma, Aman
AU - Patel, Yusuf I.
AU - Kennedy, Nicholas A.
AU - Kim, Alfred H.J.
AU - Sharma, Vishal
AU - Sebastian, Shaji
N1 - Funding Information:
SS holds research grants from Biogen, Takeda, Pfizer, Janssen,AbbVie, Tillotts Pharma, Ferring and Biohit; served on the advisory boards of Takeda, AbbVie, Merck, Ferring, Pharmacocosmos, Warner Chilcott, Janssen, Falk Pharma, Biohit, TriGenix, Celgene and Tillots Pharma; and has received speaker fees from AbbVie, Takeda, Celltrion, Pfizer, Biogen, AbbVie, Janssen, Merck, Warner Chilcott and Falk Pharma.
Funding Information:
AHJK participated in advisory boards and educational speaker events for Exagen Diagnostics Inc. and Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Inc., research grant, advisory boards, and educational speaker events for GlaxoSmithKline, advisory boards for Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc., and consulting work for Annexon Biosciences.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/1
Y1 - 2022/1
N2 - Objectives: The treatment for COVID-19 often utilizes immune-modulating drugs. These drugs are also used in immune mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). We performed a systematic review about seroconversion after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with IMIDs and impact of various drugs on seroconversion rates. Methods: Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies reporting seroconversion rates following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in IMIDs. We calculated the pooled seroconversion rates after a single or two doses of vaccination, pooled seroconversion rates in patients with specific IMIDs, and rates in patients on various drugs/drug classes. Results: Twenty-five studies were included in the systematic review. The pooled seroconversion rates after two doses of mRNA vaccination were higher (83.1, 95%CI: 74.9–89.0, I2 = 90%) as compared to a single dose (69.3, 52.4–82.3, I2 = 95%). The odds of seroconversion were lower in IMIDs as compared to healthy controls (0.05, 0.02–0.13, I2 = 21%). The seroconversion rates in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (95.2, 95%CI: 92.6–96.9, I2 = 0%), spondyloarthropathy (95.6, 95% CI: 83.4–98.9, I2 = 35%), and systemic lupus erythematosus (90.7, 95%CI: 85.4–94.2, I2 = 0%) were higher as compared to rheumatoid arthritis (79.5, 95% CI: 65.1–88.9, I2 = 85%), and vasculitis (70.5, 95% CI: 52.9–83.5, I2 = 51%). The seroconversion rates following double dose of mRNA were excellent (>90%) in those on anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF), anti-integrin (vedolizumab), anti-IL 17 (secukinumab), anti-IL6 (Tocilizumab) and anti-IL12/23 (Ustekinumab) therapies but attenuated (<70%) in patients on anti-CD20 (Rituximab) or anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen (CTLA-4) therapies (Abatacept). The seroconversion rates were good (70–90%) with steroids, hydroxychloroquine, JAK inhibitors, mycophenolate mofetil and leflunomide. Combination of anti-TNF with immunomodulators (azathioprine, 6-meracptopurine, methotrexate) resulted in an attenuated vaccine response as compared to anti-TNF monotherapy. Conclusion: Seroconversion rates after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are lower in patients with IMIDs. Certain therapies (anti-TNF, anti-integrin, anti-IL 17, anti-IL6, anti-12/23) do not impact seroconversion rates while others (anti-CD20, anti-CTLA-4) result in poorer responses.
AB - Objectives: The treatment for COVID-19 often utilizes immune-modulating drugs. These drugs are also used in immune mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). We performed a systematic review about seroconversion after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with IMIDs and impact of various drugs on seroconversion rates. Methods: Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies reporting seroconversion rates following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in IMIDs. We calculated the pooled seroconversion rates after a single or two doses of vaccination, pooled seroconversion rates in patients with specific IMIDs, and rates in patients on various drugs/drug classes. Results: Twenty-five studies were included in the systematic review. The pooled seroconversion rates after two doses of mRNA vaccination were higher (83.1, 95%CI: 74.9–89.0, I2 = 90%) as compared to a single dose (69.3, 52.4–82.3, I2 = 95%). The odds of seroconversion were lower in IMIDs as compared to healthy controls (0.05, 0.02–0.13, I2 = 21%). The seroconversion rates in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (95.2, 95%CI: 92.6–96.9, I2 = 0%), spondyloarthropathy (95.6, 95% CI: 83.4–98.9, I2 = 35%), and systemic lupus erythematosus (90.7, 95%CI: 85.4–94.2, I2 = 0%) were higher as compared to rheumatoid arthritis (79.5, 95% CI: 65.1–88.9, I2 = 85%), and vasculitis (70.5, 95% CI: 52.9–83.5, I2 = 51%). The seroconversion rates following double dose of mRNA were excellent (>90%) in those on anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF), anti-integrin (vedolizumab), anti-IL 17 (secukinumab), anti-IL6 (Tocilizumab) and anti-IL12/23 (Ustekinumab) therapies but attenuated (<70%) in patients on anti-CD20 (Rituximab) or anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen (CTLA-4) therapies (Abatacept). The seroconversion rates were good (70–90%) with steroids, hydroxychloroquine, JAK inhibitors, mycophenolate mofetil and leflunomide. Combination of anti-TNF with immunomodulators (azathioprine, 6-meracptopurine, methotrexate) resulted in an attenuated vaccine response as compared to anti-TNF monotherapy. Conclusion: Seroconversion rates after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are lower in patients with IMIDs. Certain therapies (anti-TNF, anti-integrin, anti-IL 17, anti-IL6, anti-12/23) do not impact seroconversion rates while others (anti-CD20, anti-CTLA-4) result in poorer responses.
KW - Adenoviral associated
KW - COVID-19
KW - Immunization
KW - Inflammatory bowel disease
KW - Rheumatoid arthritis
KW - Spondyloarthropathy
KW - Systemic lupus erythematosus
KW - Vasculitis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85119426994&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102927
DO - 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102927
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34474172
AN - SCOPUS:85119426994
SN - 1568-9972
VL - 21
JO - Autoimmunity Reviews
JF - Autoimmunity Reviews
IS - 1
M1 - 102927
ER -