Resistance exercises in early functional rehabilitation for achilles tendon ruptures are poorly described: A scoping review

OBJECTIVES: To (1) describe which resistance exercises are used in the first 8 weeks of treatment for acute Achilles tendon rupture and (2) assess the completeness of reporting of the exercise descriptions. DESIGN: Scoping review. LITERATURE SEARCH: We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) databases. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case series (10 or more participants) that reported using resistance exercise in the immobilization period in the first 8 weeks of treatment for acute Achilles tendon rupture were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Completeness of exercise description was assessed with the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) and the Toigo and Boutellier exercise descriptor framework. RESULTS: Thirty-eight studies were included. Fifty-one resistance exercises were extracted and categorized as isometric exercises (n = 20), heel raises (n = 6), strengthening with external resistance (n = 13), or unspecified (n = 12). A median of 8 (interquartile range, 6-10) of a possible 19 CERT items was reported. The amount of items described of the 13 Toigo and and Boutellier exercise descriptors ranged from 0 to 11. CONCLUSION: A variety of resistance exercises targeted at the ankle plantar flexors were used as part of early functional rehabilitation after Achilles tendon rupture. However, most studies provided inadequate description of resistance exercise interventions.