TY - JOUR
T1 - Reservoir host immune responses to emerging zoonotic viruses
AU - Mandl, Judith N.
AU - Ahmed, Rafi
AU - Barreiro, Luis B.
AU - Daszak, Peter
AU - Epstein, Jonathan H.
AU - Virgin, Herbert W.
AU - Feinberg, Mark B.
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank Nienke Vrisekoop, Roland Regoes, and Ronald Germain for insightful comments, support, and advice during the preparation of this manuscript. We are also extremely grateful to Tony Schountz and our anonymous reviewers for their reading of the manuscript and their very thoughtful feedback. This work was supported, in part, by the Intramural Research Program of NIAID, NIH.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/1/15
Y1 - 2015/1/15
N2 - Zoonotic viruses, such as HIV, Ebola virus, coronaviruses, influenza A viruses, hantaviruses, or henipaviruses, can result in profound pathology in humans. In contrast, populations of the reservoir hosts of zoonotic pathogens often appear to tolerate these infections with little evidence of disease. Why are viruses more dangerous in one species than another? Immunological studies investigating quantitative and qualitative differences in the host-virus equilibrium in animal reservoirs will be key to answering this question, informing new approaches for treating and preventing zoonotic diseases. Integrating an understanding of host immune responses with epidemiological, ecological, and evolutionary insights into viral emergence will shed light on mechanisms that minimize fitness costs associated with viral infection, facilitate transmission to other hosts, and underlie the association of specific reservoir hosts with multiple emerging viruses. Reservoir host studies provide a rich opportunity for elucidating fundamental immunological processes and their underlying genetic basis, in the context of distinct physiological and metabolic constraints that contribute to host resistance and disease tolerance.
AB - Zoonotic viruses, such as HIV, Ebola virus, coronaviruses, influenza A viruses, hantaviruses, or henipaviruses, can result in profound pathology in humans. In contrast, populations of the reservoir hosts of zoonotic pathogens often appear to tolerate these infections with little evidence of disease. Why are viruses more dangerous in one species than another? Immunological studies investigating quantitative and qualitative differences in the host-virus equilibrium in animal reservoirs will be key to answering this question, informing new approaches for treating and preventing zoonotic diseases. Integrating an understanding of host immune responses with epidemiological, ecological, and evolutionary insights into viral emergence will shed light on mechanisms that minimize fitness costs associated with viral infection, facilitate transmission to other hosts, and underlie the association of specific reservoir hosts with multiple emerging viruses. Reservoir host studies provide a rich opportunity for elucidating fundamental immunological processes and their underlying genetic basis, in the context of distinct physiological and metabolic constraints that contribute to host resistance and disease tolerance.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84920948384&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.003
DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.003
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25533784
AN - SCOPUS:84920948384
VL - 160
SP - 20
EP - 35
JO - Cell
JF - Cell
SN - 0092-8674
IS - 1-2
ER -