TY - JOUR
T1 - Relative Effects of Radiation-Induced Changes in Bone Mass, Structure, and Tissue Material on Vertebral Strength in a Rat Model
AU - Emerzian, Shannon R.
AU - Wu, Tongge
AU - Vaidya, Rachana
AU - Tang, Simon Y.
AU - Abergel, Rebecca J.
AU - Keaveny, Tony M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
PY - 2023/7
Y1 - 2023/7
N2 - The observed increased risk of fracture after cancer radiation therapy is presumably due to a radiation-induced reduction in whole-bone strength. However, the mechanisms for impaired strength remain unclear, as the increased fracture risk is not fully explained by changes in bone mass. To provide insight, a small animal model was used to determine how much of this whole-bone weakening effect for the spine is attributable to changes in bone mass, structure, and material properties of the bone tissue and their relative effects. Further, because women have a greater risk of fracture after radiation therapy than men, we investigated if sex had a significant influence on bone's response to irradiation. Fractionated in vivo irradiation (10 × 3 Gy) or sham irradiation (0 Gy) was administered daily to the lumbar spine in twenty-seven 17-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 6–7/sex/group). Twelve weeks after final treatment, animals were euthanized, and lumbar vertebrae (L4 and L5) were isolated. Using a combination of biomechanical testing, micro-CT-based finite element analysis, and statistical regression analysis, we separated out the effect of mass, structural, and tissue material changes on vertebral strength. Compared with the sham group (mean ± SD strength = 420 ± 88 N), the mean strength of the irradiated group was lower by 28% (117 N/420 N, p < 0.0001). Overall, the response of treatment did not differ with sex. By combining results from both general linear regression and finite element analyses, we calculated that mean changes in bone mass, structure, and material properties of the bone tissue accounted for 56% (66 N/117 N), 20% (23 N/117 N), and 24% (28 N/117 N), respectively, of the overall change in strength. As such, these results provide insight into why an elevated clinical fracture risk for patients undergoing radiation therapy is not well explained by changes in bone mass alone.
AB - The observed increased risk of fracture after cancer radiation therapy is presumably due to a radiation-induced reduction in whole-bone strength. However, the mechanisms for impaired strength remain unclear, as the increased fracture risk is not fully explained by changes in bone mass. To provide insight, a small animal model was used to determine how much of this whole-bone weakening effect for the spine is attributable to changes in bone mass, structure, and material properties of the bone tissue and their relative effects. Further, because women have a greater risk of fracture after radiation therapy than men, we investigated if sex had a significant influence on bone's response to irradiation. Fractionated in vivo irradiation (10 × 3 Gy) or sham irradiation (0 Gy) was administered daily to the lumbar spine in twenty-seven 17-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 6–7/sex/group). Twelve weeks after final treatment, animals were euthanized, and lumbar vertebrae (L4 and L5) were isolated. Using a combination of biomechanical testing, micro-CT-based finite element analysis, and statistical regression analysis, we separated out the effect of mass, structural, and tissue material changes on vertebral strength. Compared with the sham group (mean ± SD strength = 420 ± 88 N), the mean strength of the irradiated group was lower by 28% (117 N/420 N, p < 0.0001). Overall, the response of treatment did not differ with sex. By combining results from both general linear regression and finite element analyses, we calculated that mean changes in bone mass, structure, and material properties of the bone tissue accounted for 56% (66 N/117 N), 20% (23 N/117 N), and 24% (28 N/117 N), respectively, of the overall change in strength. As such, these results provide insight into why an elevated clinical fracture risk for patients undergoing radiation therapy is not well explained by changes in bone mass alone.
KW - BIOMECHANICS
KW - FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
KW - IONIZING RADIATION
KW - RADIATION THERAPY
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85161434490&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/jbmr.4828
DO - 10.1002/jbmr.4828
M3 - Article
C2 - 37191221
AN - SCOPUS:85161434490
SN - 0884-0431
VL - 38
SP - 1032
EP - 1042
JO - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
JF - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
IS - 7
ER -