Regional specificity of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor regulation by estradiol

In vitro quantitative autoradiography and the microdissection technique of Palkovitz were used to examine the effects of estradiol-17β on GABA(A) receptors and on glutamic acid decarboxylase in discrete areas of rat brain. Under the conditions examined, estradiol did not affect glutamic acid decarboxylase activity. However, treatment with estradiol decreased GABA(A) receptor binding in a majority of areas that contain high levels of intracellular estradiol receptors and in a number of areas that contain few or no estradiol receptors. Within one brain are, the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, the estradiol effect was mapped and found to occur within the estradiol-sensitive ventrolateral portion and the surrounding dendritic plexus. Time- and dose-response relationships were region specific suggesting that estradiol might influence GABA(A)-receptor binding through multiple mechanisms. Estradiol does not appear to interact directly with GABA(A) receptors since addition of estradiol to the assay system did not affect binding. Our findings suggest that one way estradiol might affect neuroendocrine and other centrally mediated processes is through effects on GABA(A)-receptor binding.