Reduction of glycosylated hemoglobin and postprandial hyperglycemia by acarbose in patients with NIDDM: A placebo-controlled dose-comparison study

OBJECTIVE - To compare the safety and efficacy of three doses of acarbose (100, 200, and 300 mg three times daily) with placebo for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in patients maintained on dietary therapy alone. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - This multicenter double- blind placebo-controlled trial was 22 weeks in duration. The trial consisted of a 2-week screening period, a 4-week placebo run-in period, and a 16-week double-blind treatment period. The primary measure of drug efficacy was the mean change from baseline in HbA(1c) levels. Additional efficacy variables included the mean change from baseline in fasting and postprandial plasma glucose and serum insulin levels. RESULTS - After 16 weeks of treatment, acarbose-treated patients had statistically significant reductions in mean HbA(1c) levels of 0.78, 0.73, and 1.10% (relative to placebo) in the 100-, 200-, and 300-mg t.i.d. groups, respectively. Significant reductions in fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels, glucose area under the time- concentration curve, and maximum glucose concentration were also observed in acarbose-treated patients. Although there were no statistically significant differences among the 100-, 200-, and 300-mg treatment groups, there was a trend toward a dose-response relationship for most plasma glucose variables that were measured. Gastrointestinal side effects (e.g., abdominal pain, flatulence, and diarrhea) and serum transaminase elevations (e.g., aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) were more frequently reported in the acarbose-treated patients than in the placebo- treated control patients. Transaminase elevations occurred only at the 200- and 300-mg dosages and were readily reversible on discontinuation of treatment. CONCLUSIONS - Acarbose at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg administered three times daily for 16 weeks significantly reduced HbA(1c) levels and postprandial hyperglycemia. Treatment with acarbose is a safe and effective adjunct to dietary therapy for the treatment of NIDDM.