TY - JOUR
T1 - Redefining Chronic Viral Infection
AU - Virgin, Herbert W.
AU - Wherry, E. John
AU - Ahmed, Rafi
N1 - Funding Information:
H.W.V., E.J.W., and R.A. are supported by the NIH. H.W.V. is supported by the Broad Medical Foundation. E.J.W. is supported by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the Ellison Medical Foundation, and R.A. is supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. We thank A. Arvin, E. Barto, B. Beutler, J.-L. Casanova., F. Chisari, L. Corey, I. Davidson, E. Dubberke, V. Fraser, D. Ganem, L. Gooding, J. Gordon, A. Grakoui, E. Kieff, D. Knipe, L. Lenaerts, K. Murphy, C. Parish, L. Ratner, C. Rice, B. Roizman, A. Shaw, D. Thorley-Lawson, E. Unanue, B. Walker, C. Walker, D. Wang, D. White, J. Wilson, and L. Zerboni for sharing comments and manuscripts with us.
PY - 2009/7/10
Y1 - 2009/7/10
N2 - Viruses that cause chronic infection constitute a stable but little-recognized part of our metagenome: our virome. Ongoing immune responses hold these chronic viruses at bay while avoiding immunopathologic damage to persistently infected tissues. The immunologic imprint generated by these responses to our virome defines the normal immune system. The resulting dynamic but metastable equilibrium between the virome and the host can be dangerous, benign, or even symbiotic. These concepts require that we reformulate how we assign etiologies for diseases, especially those with a chronic inflammatory component, as well as how we design and interpret genome-wide association studies, and how we vaccinate to limit or control our virome.
AB - Viruses that cause chronic infection constitute a stable but little-recognized part of our metagenome: our virome. Ongoing immune responses hold these chronic viruses at bay while avoiding immunopathologic damage to persistently infected tissues. The immunologic imprint generated by these responses to our virome defines the normal immune system. The resulting dynamic but metastable equilibrium between the virome and the host can be dangerous, benign, or even symbiotic. These concepts require that we reformulate how we assign etiologies for diseases, especially those with a chronic inflammatory component, as well as how we design and interpret genome-wide association studies, and how we vaccinate to limit or control our virome.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=67649660551&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.036
DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.036
M3 - Review article
C2 - 19596234
AN - SCOPUS:67649660551
SN - 0092-8674
VL - 138
SP - 30
EP - 50
JO - Cell
JF - Cell
IS - 1
ER -