TY - GEN
T1 - Reconstructing paleoenvironments in the Western Desert, Egypt
T2 - ESR dating freshwater molluscs from kharga oasis
AU - Skinner, Anne R.
AU - Blackwell, Bonnie A.B.
AU - Kleindienst, Maxine R.
AU - Smith, Jennifer R.
AU - Kieniewicz, Johanna M.
AU - Adelsberger, Katherine A.
AU - Rufus Churcher, C. S.
AU - Deely, Aislinn E.
AU - Mashriqi, Faizullah
AU - Spiller, Kassandra V.
AU - Blickstein, Joel I.B.
AU - Gong, Jane J.J.
AU - Long, Rebecca A.
PY - 2013/10/15
Y1 - 2013/10/15
N2 - Kharga Oasis, in Egypt's hyperarid Western Desert, today lacks naturally occurring surface water. Near Kharga, large tufa deposits ranging from a few hectares to more than 10 km2 in area dot the edge of the Libyan Plateau. These, and lacustrine sediment, record intervals during the Pleistocene when wetlands, ponds, and small freshwater lakes provided water to enable herbivore and human inhabitation. Along with Pleistocene fossils, archaeological finds in the area include artifacts from Earlier Stone Age, Middle Stone Age, Later Stone Age, and younger cultural materials. ESR analysis was used to date freshwater mollusc shells (Melanoides tuberculata and Gyraulus) found in tufas and lake silts at Wadi Midauwara, Matana, and Bulaq. In some units, multiple gastropod populations from different times have been preserved as a mixed deposit, while several others appear to only preserve a single population. The mollusc dates suggest that freshwater existed sporadically at Bulaq and Matana during Marine (Oxygen) Isotope Stages (MIS) 2 and 4. At Midauwara, standing freshwater existed during the MIS 7/6 and 6/5e boundaries, and repeatedly in MIS 5-2. Molluscs and water also existed during the earliest Pleistocene, at ∼ 2.4 ± 0.4 Ma, which could have enabled the first hominin migration out of Africa via the Western Desert.
AB - Kharga Oasis, in Egypt's hyperarid Western Desert, today lacks naturally occurring surface water. Near Kharga, large tufa deposits ranging from a few hectares to more than 10 km2 in area dot the edge of the Libyan Plateau. These, and lacustrine sediment, record intervals during the Pleistocene when wetlands, ponds, and small freshwater lakes provided water to enable herbivore and human inhabitation. Along with Pleistocene fossils, archaeological finds in the area include artifacts from Earlier Stone Age, Middle Stone Age, Later Stone Age, and younger cultural materials. ESR analysis was used to date freshwater mollusc shells (Melanoides tuberculata and Gyraulus) found in tufas and lake silts at Wadi Midauwara, Matana, and Bulaq. In some units, multiple gastropod populations from different times have been preserved as a mixed deposit, while several others appear to only preserve a single population. The mollusc dates suggest that freshwater existed sporadically at Bulaq and Matana during Marine (Oxygen) Isotope Stages (MIS) 2 and 4. At Midauwara, standing freshwater existed during the MIS 7/6 and 6/5e boundaries, and repeatedly in MIS 5-2. Molluscs and water also existed during the earliest Pleistocene, at ∼ 2.4 ± 0.4 Ma, which could have enabled the first hominin migration out of Africa via the Western Desert.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84905367864
U2 - 10.1021/bk-2013-1147.ch019
DO - 10.1021/bk-2013-1147.ch019
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:84905367864
SN - 9780841229242
T3 - ACS Symposium Series
SP - 321
EP - 364
BT - Archaeological Chemistry VIII
PB - American Chemical Society
ER -