Radiologic assessment of bladder disorders

Congenital anomalies and abnormalities of the urinary bladder can be a significant cause of morbidity in infants and children. The function of the bladder may adversely affect the upper urinary tract and may have an effect on urinary continence. Radiologic evaluation of the bladder and adjacent structures gives useful diagnostic information to direct therapeutic intervention. In children, ultrasonography (ultrasound) is usually the initial diagnostic study. Fluoroscopic imaging (voiding cystourethrogram or VCUG) is frequently obtained as indicated by the clinical history and ultrasound findings. Cross-sectional imaging - computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - is often used in complex cases where other imaging does not clearly define the anatomy.