TY - JOUR
T1 - Pupil response biomarkers distinguish Amyloid precursor protein mutation carriers from non-carriers
AU - Frost, Shaun M.
AU - Kanagasingam, Yogesan
AU - Sohrabi, Hamid R.
AU - Taddei, Kevin
AU - Bateman, Randall
AU - Morris, John
AU - Benzinger, Tammie
AU - Goate, Alison
AU - Masters, Colin L.
AU - Martins, Ralph N.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - Context: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is usually only diagnosed many years after pathology begins. Earlier detection would allow emerging interventions to have a greater chance to preserve healthy brain function. A rare form of Alzheimer's disease, caused by autosomal-dominant mutations, affects carriers with 100% certainty and at a younger age specific to their mutation. Studying families with these mutations allows a unique investigation of the temporal sequence of biomarker changes in Alzheimer's disease. Objective: To determine whether the pupil flash response (PFR), previously reported to be altered in sporadic Alzheimer's disease, is different in pre-symptomatic mutation carriers. Design: Researchers blinded to participant mutation status collected pupil response data from cognitively normal participants in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Network (DIAN) Study during 2010-2011. Setting: The pupil response was examined at the McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation in Perth, Western Australia. Participants: Participants were from a single family harboring an Amyloid-Beta Precursor Protein genetic mutation (APPGlu693Gln). Six carriers and six non-carriers were available for pupil testing (age 43.0±8.3 years old, 2 males and 10 females, 4 with hypertension). Main Outcome Measure: Pupil response parameter comparison between mutation carriers and non-carriers. Results: 75% recovery time was longer in mutation carriers (p<0.0003, ROC AUC 1.000, Sensitivity 100%, Specificity 100%) and percentage recovery 3.5 seconds after stimulus was less in mutation carriers (p<0.006, ROC AUC 1.000, Sensitivity 100%, Specificity 100%). Conclusions: PFR changes occur pre-symptomatically in autosomal dominant AD mutation carriers, supporting further investigation of PFR for early detection of AD.
AB - Context: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is usually only diagnosed many years after pathology begins. Earlier detection would allow emerging interventions to have a greater chance to preserve healthy brain function. A rare form of Alzheimer's disease, caused by autosomal-dominant mutations, affects carriers with 100% certainty and at a younger age specific to their mutation. Studying families with these mutations allows a unique investigation of the temporal sequence of biomarker changes in Alzheimer's disease. Objective: To determine whether the pupil flash response (PFR), previously reported to be altered in sporadic Alzheimer's disease, is different in pre-symptomatic mutation carriers. Design: Researchers blinded to participant mutation status collected pupil response data from cognitively normal participants in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Network (DIAN) Study during 2010-2011. Setting: The pupil response was examined at the McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation in Perth, Western Australia. Participants: Participants were from a single family harboring an Amyloid-Beta Precursor Protein genetic mutation (APPGlu693Gln). Six carriers and six non-carriers were available for pupil testing (age 43.0±8.3 years old, 2 males and 10 females, 4 with hypertension). Main Outcome Measure: Pupil response parameter comparison between mutation carriers and non-carriers. Results: 75% recovery time was longer in mutation carriers (p<0.0003, ROC AUC 1.000, Sensitivity 100%, Specificity 100%) and percentage recovery 3.5 seconds after stimulus was less in mutation carriers (p<0.006, ROC AUC 1.000, Sensitivity 100%, Specificity 100%). Conclusions: PFR changes occur pre-symptomatically in autosomal dominant AD mutation carriers, supporting further investigation of PFR for early detection of AD.
KW - Alzheimer's
KW - Amyloid
KW - Autosomal
KW - Eye
KW - Pupil
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84888070363&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2174/15672050113109990154
DO - 10.2174/15672050113109990154
M3 - Article
C2 - 23919771
AN - SCOPUS:84888070363
SN - 1567-2050
VL - 10
SP - 790
EP - 796
JO - Current Alzheimer Research
JF - Current Alzheimer Research
IS - 8
ER -