Pulmonary outflow tract obstruction in fetuses with complex congenital heart disease: Predicting the need for neonatal intervention

M. D. Quartermain, A. C. Glatz, D. J. Goldberg, M. S. Cohen, M. D. Elias, Z. Tian, J. Rychik

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

36 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective To identify prenatal echocardiographic markers that could predict the need for neonatal intervention in fetuses with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Methods This was a retrospective study of 52 fetuses with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Echocardiograms were evaluated for fetuses with either two-ventricle anatomy with a large ventricular septal defect or single-ventricle anatomy. Fetuses with pulmonary atresia were excluded. Parameters were compared between groups that did and did not require an intervention at age < 30 days. Results Fifty-two fetuses were studied; 20 (38%) underwent neonatal intervention and 32 (62%) did not. The most common diagnosis was tetralogy of Fallot (n = 32). Fetuses with two ventricles that required an intervention had lower pulmonary valve diameter Z-score (PV-Z-score) (-4.8 ± 2.1 vs -2.6 ± 1.1; P = 0.0002) and lower pulmonary valve to aortic valve annular diameter ratio (PV/AoV) (0.53 ± 0.15 vs 0.66 ± 0.1; P = 0.003). Using a PV/AoV ratio of < 0.6 or a PV-Z-score of < -3 at final echocardiographic examination was highly sensitive (92%) but poorly specific (50%), whereas classifying direction of flow in the ductus arteriosus as either normal (all pulmonary-to-aorta) or abnormal (aorta-to-pulmonary or bidirectional) was both highly sensitive (100%) and specific (95%) for predicting the need for a neonatal intervention. Parameters for the single-ventricle cohort did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Analysis of the pulmonary outflow tract and ductus arteriosus flow in the fetus with complex congenital heart disease can aid in identifying those that will require a neonatal intervention to augment pulmonary blood flow. This has important implications for the planning of delivery strategies.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)47-53
Number of pages7
JournalUltrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Volume41
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 2013

Keywords

  • congenital heart disease
  • fetal echocardiography
  • pediatric cardiology

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