TY - JOUR
T1 - Prospective study of snoring and risk of hypertension in women
AU - Hu, Frank B.
AU - Willett, Walter C.
AU - Colditz, Graham A.
AU - Ascherio, Alberto
AU - Speizer, Frank E.
AU - Rosner, Bernard
AU - Hennekens, Charles H.
AU - Stampfer, Meir J.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by research grants CA40356, HL24074, and HL34594 from the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Hu is a recipient of Charles A. King Trust Research Fellowship from The Medical Fourtdation, Boston, Massachusetts.
PY - 1999/10/15
Y1 - 1999/10/15
N2 - Whether snoring increases the risk of hypertension remains unclear. The authors examined the association between snoring and risk of hypertension in a cohort of 73,231 US female nurses aged 40-65 years and without diagnosed cardiovascular disease or cancer in 1986. Blood pressure levels and physician-diagnosed hypertension were self-reported through validated questionnaires. During 8 years of follow-up, 7,622 incident cases of physician-diagnosed hypertension were reported. Older age, smoking, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, weight gain, less physical activity, and sleeping on the back were directly associated with regular snoring. After adjustment for age, body mass index, waist circumference, and other covariates, snoring was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension at baseline (odds ratio = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.27 for occasional snoring and odds ratio = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.33, 1.5 for regular snoring). In prospective analyses using incident cases of hypertension as the outcome, the multivariate relative risks of hypertension were 1.29 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.37) for occasional snoring and 1.55 (95% CI: 1.42, 1.70) for regular snoring. In addition, snoring was associated with significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. These data suggest that snoring may increase risk of hypertension in women, independent of age, body mass index, waist circumference, and other lifestyle factors.
AB - Whether snoring increases the risk of hypertension remains unclear. The authors examined the association between snoring and risk of hypertension in a cohort of 73,231 US female nurses aged 40-65 years and without diagnosed cardiovascular disease or cancer in 1986. Blood pressure levels and physician-diagnosed hypertension were self-reported through validated questionnaires. During 8 years of follow-up, 7,622 incident cases of physician-diagnosed hypertension were reported. Older age, smoking, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, weight gain, less physical activity, and sleeping on the back were directly associated with regular snoring. After adjustment for age, body mass index, waist circumference, and other covariates, snoring was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension at baseline (odds ratio = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.27 for occasional snoring and odds ratio = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.33, 1.5 for regular snoring). In prospective analyses using incident cases of hypertension as the outcome, the multivariate relative risks of hypertension were 1.29 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.37) for occasional snoring and 1.55 (95% CI: 1.42, 1.70) for regular snoring. In addition, snoring was associated with significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. These data suggest that snoring may increase risk of hypertension in women, independent of age, body mass index, waist circumference, and other lifestyle factors.
KW - Blood pressure
KW - Hypertension
KW - Snoring
KW - Women
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0033570103&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010085
DO - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010085
M3 - Article
C2 - 10522651
AN - SCOPUS:0033570103
SN - 0002-9262
VL - 150
SP - 806
EP - 816
JO - American journal of epidemiology
JF - American journal of epidemiology
IS - 8
ER -