TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of autoantibodies in pediatric patients with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis
T2 - a scoping review of the literature in the period 1980–2021
AU - Saha, Biplab K.
AU - Bonnier, Alyssa
AU - Chenna, Praveen
AU - Milman, Nils T.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR).
PY - 2022/4
Y1 - 2022/4
N2 - Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare disease of unknown etiology. Due to the frequent findings of autoimmune antibodies — autoantibodies, immunologic causation of the diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in IPH has been proposed, to assess the prevalence/frequency and type of autoantibodies in pediatric patients with IPH. In addition, the patient demographics, diagnostic modalities used to diagnose IPH, treatment, and outcomes were also evaluated. Scoping review: The PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases were searched with appropriate MeSH terms to identify relevant papers consistent with the defined inclusion criteria. Thirteen observational studies comprising a total of 352 pediatric patients were included in this review. The majority of subjects were girls 217 out of 352 (61.6%). The mean and median ages of patients ranged from 3.1–6.5 years to 2.3–7 years, respectively. In the 10 studies that specified the number of patients in their cohorts with either at least one positive autoantibody or no antibody, the overall prevalence of autoantibodies was 76 out of 288 patients (26.4%). The prevalence of specific antibodies was as follows: ANA, 20.3%; ANCA, 17%; anti-dsDNA, 9.1%; RF, 12%; anti-SMA, 23.2%; and celiac antibodies, 25.9%. Cow’s milk protein allergy was present in 16.2% of the children. The significance of an association between IPH and the presence of autoantibodies has not been clarified. The autoantibodies could be suggestive of an overall immune dysregulation rather than causation. However, limited evidence based on a single study suggests that the presence of ANA may be associated with a higher risk of recurrence and worse outcomes. Further research, including prospective studies, will be crucial to explore a possible genetic linkage between vasculitides, systemic rheumatologic diseases, and IPH.
AB - Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare disease of unknown etiology. Due to the frequent findings of autoimmune antibodies — autoantibodies, immunologic causation of the diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in IPH has been proposed, to assess the prevalence/frequency and type of autoantibodies in pediatric patients with IPH. In addition, the patient demographics, diagnostic modalities used to diagnose IPH, treatment, and outcomes were also evaluated. Scoping review: The PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases were searched with appropriate MeSH terms to identify relevant papers consistent with the defined inclusion criteria. Thirteen observational studies comprising a total of 352 pediatric patients were included in this review. The majority of subjects were girls 217 out of 352 (61.6%). The mean and median ages of patients ranged from 3.1–6.5 years to 2.3–7 years, respectively. In the 10 studies that specified the number of patients in their cohorts with either at least one positive autoantibody or no antibody, the overall prevalence of autoantibodies was 76 out of 288 patients (26.4%). The prevalence of specific antibodies was as follows: ANA, 20.3%; ANCA, 17%; anti-dsDNA, 9.1%; RF, 12%; anti-SMA, 23.2%; and celiac antibodies, 25.9%. Cow’s milk protein allergy was present in 16.2% of the children. The significance of an association between IPH and the presence of autoantibodies has not been clarified. The autoantibodies could be suggestive of an overall immune dysregulation rather than causation. However, limited evidence based on a single study suggests that the presence of ANA may be associated with a higher risk of recurrence and worse outcomes. Further research, including prospective studies, will be crucial to explore a possible genetic linkage between vasculitides, systemic rheumatologic diseases, and IPH.
KW - ANA
KW - ANCA
KW - Autoantibody
KW - Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis
KW - Pediatric
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85123468126&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10067-021-06029-3
DO - 10.1007/s10067-021-06029-3
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35067768
AN - SCOPUS:85123468126
SN - 0770-3198
VL - 41
SP - 977
EP - 990
JO - Clinical Rheumatology
JF - Clinical Rheumatology
IS - 4
ER -