Abstract
Purpose: To describe predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid (PP-IRF) and its association with visual acuity (VA) and retinal anatomic findings at long-term follow-up in eyes treated with pro re nata (PRN) ranibizumab or bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Design: Cohort within a randomized clinical trial. Participants: Participants in the Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT) assigned to PRN treatment. Methods: The presence of intraretinal fluid (IRF) on OCT scans was assessed at baseline and monthly follow-up visits by Duke OCT Reading Center. Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through week 12, year 1, and year 2 was defined as the presence of IRF at the baseline and in ≥ 80% of follow-up visits. Among eyes with baseline IRF, the mean VA scores (letters) and changes from the baseline were compared between eyes with and those without PP-IRF. Adjusted mean VA scores and changes from the baseline were also calculated using the linear regression analysis to account for baseline patient features identified as predictors of VA in previous CATT studies. Furthermore, outcomes were adjusted for concomitant predominantly persistent subretinal fluid. Main Outcome Measures: Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through week 12, year 1, and year 2; VA score and VA change; and scar development at year 2. Results: Among 363 eyes with baseline IRF, 108 (29.8%) had PP-IRF through year 1 and 95 (26.1%) had PP-IRF through year 2. When eyes with PP-IRF through year 1 were compared with those without PP-IRF, the mean 1-year VA score was 62.4 and 68.5, respectively (P = 0.002), and was 65.0 and 67.4, respectively (P = 0.13), after adjustment. Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through year 2 was associated with worse adjusted 1-year mean VA scores (64.8 vs. 69.2; P = 0.006) and change (4.3 vs. 8.1; P = 0.01) as well as worse adjusted 2-year mean VA scores (63.0 vs. 68.3; P = 0.004) and changes (2.4 vs. 7.1; P = 0.009). Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through year 2 was associated with a higher 2-year risk of scar development (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.49; P = 0.03). Conclusions: Approximately one quarter of eyes had PP-IRF through year 2. Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through year 1 was associated with worse long-term VA, but the relationship disappeared after adjustment for baseline predictors of VA. Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through year 2 was independently associated with worse long-term VA and scar development.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 771-785 |
Number of pages | 15 |
Journal | Ophthalmology Retina |
Volume | 6 |
Issue number | 9 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Sep 2022 |
Keywords
- Anti-VEGF
- Choroidal neovascularization
- Intraretinal fluid
- Persistent
- Visual acuity
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In: Ophthalmology Retina, Vol. 6, No. 9, 09.2022, p. 771-785.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Predominantly Persistent Intraretinal Fluid in the Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials
AU - Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT) Research Group
AU - Core, Jason Q.
AU - Pistilli, Maxwell
AU - Hua, Peiying
AU - Daniel, Ebenezer
AU - Grunwald, Juan E.
AU - Toth, Cynthia A.
AU - Jaffe, Glenn J.
AU - Martin, Daniel F.
AU - Maguire, Maureen G.
AU - Ying, Gui Shuang
AU - Williams, David F.
AU - Beardsley, Sara
AU - Bennett, Steven
AU - Cantrill, Herbert
AU - Chan-Tram, Carmen
AU - Cheshier, Holly
AU - Davies, John
AU - Dev, Sundeep
AU - Enloe, Julianne
AU - Follano, Gennaro
AU - Gilbert, Peggy
AU - Johnson, Jill
AU - Jones, Tori
AU - Mayleben, Lisa
AU - Mittra, Robert
AU - Moos, Martha
AU - Neist, Ryan
AU - Oestreich, Neal
AU - Quiram, Polly
AU - Ramsay, Robert
AU - Ryan, Edwin
AU - Schindeldecker, Stephanie
AU - Steele, Trenise
AU - Tonsfeldt, Jessica
AU - Valardi, Shelly
AU - Fish, Gary Edd
AU - Aguado, Hank A.
AU - Arceneaux, Sally
AU - Arnwine, Jean
AU - Bell, Kim
AU - Bell, Tina
AU - Boleman, Bob
AU - Bradley, Patricia
AU - Callanan, David
AU - Coors, Lori
AU - Creighton, Jodi
AU - Cummings, Kimberly
AU - Dock, Christopher
AU - Duignan, Karen
AU - Fuller, Dwain
AU - Gray, Keith
AU - Hendrix, Betsy
AU - Hesse, Nicholas
AU - Jaramillo, Diana
AU - Jost, Bradley
AU - Lash, Sandy
AU - Lonsdale, Laura
AU - Mackens, Michael
AU - Mutz, Karin
AU - Potts, Michael
AU - Sanchez, Brenda
AU - Snyder, William
AU - Solley, Wayne
AU - Tarter, Carrie
AU - Wang, Robert
AU - Williams, Patrick
AU - Perkins, Stephen L.
AU - Anderson, Nicholas
AU - Arnold, Ann
AU - Blais, Paul
AU - Googe, Joseph
AU - Higdon, Tina T.
AU - Hunt, Cecile
AU - Johnson, Mary
AU - Miller, James
AU - Moore, Misty
AU - Morris, Charity K.
AU - Morris, Christopher
AU - Oelrich, Sarah
AU - Oliver, Kristina
AU - Seitz, Vicky
AU - Whetstone, Jerry
AU - Doft, Bernard H.
AU - Bedel, Jay
AU - Bergren, Robert
AU - Borthwick, Ann
AU - Conrad, Paul
AU - Fulwylie, Christina
AU - Ingram, Willia
AU - Latham, Shawnique
AU - Lester, Gina
AU - Liu, Judy
AU - Lobes, Louis
AU - Lucko, Nicole M.
AU - Merlotti, Lori
AU - Olsen, Karl
AU - Puskas, Danielle
AU - Rath, Pamela
AU - Schueckler, Lynn
AU - Schultz, Christina
AU - Shultz, Heather
AU - Steinberg, David
AU - Vyas, Avni
AU - Whale, Kim
AU - Yeckel, Kimberly
AU - Orth, David H.
AU - Arredondo, Linda S.
AU - Brown, Susan
AU - Ciscato, Barbara J.
AU - Civantos, Joseph M.
AU - Figliulo, Celeste
AU - Hasan, Sohail
AU - Kosinski, Belinda
AU - Muir, Dan
AU - Nelson, Kiersten
AU - Packo, Kirk
AU - Pollack, John S.
AU - Rezaei, Kourous
AU - Shelton, Gina
AU - Townsend-Patrick, Shannya
AU - Walsh, Marian
AU - Richard McDonald, H.
AU - Ansari, Nina
AU - Bye, Amanda
AU - Fu, Arthur D.
AU - Grout, Sean
AU - Indermill, Chad
AU - Johnson, Robert N.
AU - Jumper, J. Michael
AU - Linares, Silvia
AU - Lujan, Brandon J.
AU - Munden, Ames
AU - Rodriguez, Rosa
AU - Rose, Jennifer M.
AU - Teske, Brandi
AU - Urias, Yesmin
AU - Young, Stephen
AU - Dreyer, Richard F.
AU - Daniel, Howard
AU - Connaughton, Michele
AU - Handelman, Irvin
AU - Hobbs, Stephen
AU - Hoerner, Christine
AU - Hudson, Dawn
AU - Kopfer, Marcia
AU - Lee, Michael
AU - Lemley, Craig
AU - Logan, Joe
AU - Ma, Colin
AU - Mallet, Christophe
AU - Milliron, Amanda
AU - Peters, Mark
AU - Wohlsein, Harry
AU - Pearlman, Joel A.
AU - Andrews, Margo
AU - Bartlett, Melissa
AU - Carlson, Nanette
AU - Cox, Emily
AU - Equi, Robert
AU - Gonzalez, Marta
AU - Griffin, Sophia
AU - Hogue, Fran
AU - Kennedy, Lance
AU - Kryuchkov, Lana
AU - Lopez, Carmen
AU - Lopez, Danny
AU - Luevano, Bertha
AU - McKenna, Erin
AU - Patel, Arun
AU - Reed, Brian
AU - Secor, Nyla
AU - Sison, Iris R.
AU - Tsai, Tony
AU - Varghis, Nina
AU - Waller, Brooke
AU - Wendel, Robert
AU - Yebra, Reina
AU - Roth, Daniel B.
AU - Deinzer, Jane
AU - Fine, Howard
AU - Green, Flory
AU - Green, Stuart
AU - Keyser, Bruce
AU - Leff, Steven
AU - Leviton, Amy
AU - Martir, Amy
AU - Mosenthine, Kristin
AU - Muscle, Starr
AU - Okoren, Linda
AU - Parker, Sandy
AU - Prenner, Jonathan
AU - Price, Nancy
AU - Rogers, Deana
AU - Rosas, Linda
AU - Schlosser, Alex
AU - Studenko, Loretta
AU - Tantum, Thea
AU - Wheatley, Harold
AU - Trese, Michael T.
AU - Rao, P. Kumar
N1 - Funding Information: Supported by R21EY02368 from National Eye Institute.Supported by cooperative agreements U10 EY017823, U10 EY017825, U10 EY017826, U10 EY017828 and R21EY023689 from the National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, and Department of Health and Human Services. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00593450. The funding organization had no role in the design or conduct of this research. Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT)Research Group: VitreoRetinal Surgery, PA (Edina, MN): David F. Williams, MD (PI); Sara Beardsley, COA (VA/R); Steven Bennett, MD (O); Herbert Cantrill, MD (O); Carmen Chan-Tram, COA (VA/R); Holly Cheshier, CRA, COT, OCTC (OP); John Davies, MD (O); Sundeep Dev, MD (O); Julianne Enloe, CCRP, COA (CC); Gennaro Follano (OP/OCT); Peggy Gilbert, COA (VA/R); Jill Johnson, MD (O); Tori Jones, COA (OCT); Lisa Mayleben, COMT (CC/VA/R/OCT); Robert Mittra, MD (O); Martha Moos, COMT, OSA (VA/R); Ryan Neist, COMT (VA/R); Neal Oestreich, COT (CC); Polly Quiram, MD (O); Robert Ramsay, MD (O); Edwin Ryan, MD (O); Stephanie Schindeldecker, OA (VA/R); Trenise Steele, COA (VA); Jessica Tonsfeldt, AO (OP); Shelly Valardi, COT (VA/R). Texas Retina Associates (Dallas, TX): Gary Edd Fish, MD (PI); Hank A. Aguado, CRA (OP/OCT); Sally Arceneaux (CC/VA/R); Jean Arnwine (CC); Kim Bell, COA (VA/R); Tina Bell (CC/OCT); Bob Boleman (OP); Patricia Bradley, COT (CC); David Callanan, MD (O); Lori Coors, MD (O); Jodi Creighton, COA (VA/R); Kimberly Cummings (OP/OCT); Christopher Dock (OCT); Karen Duignan, COT (VA/R); Dwain Fuller, MD (O); Keith Gray (OP/OCT); Betsy Hendrix, COT, ROUB (OCT); Nicholas Hesse (OCT); Diana Jaramillo, COA (OCT); Bradley Jost, MD (O); Sandy Lash (VA/R); Laura Lonsdale, CCRP (DE); Michael Mackens (OP/OCT); Karin Mutz, COA (CC); Michael Potts (VA/R); Brenda Sanchez (VA/R); William Snyder, MD (O); Wayne Solley, MD (O); Carrie Tarter (VA/R); Robert Wang, MD (O); Patrick Williams, MD (O). Southeastern Retina Associates (Knoxville, TN): Stephen L. Perkins, MD (PI); Nicholas Anderson, MD (O); Ann Arnold, COT (VA/R); Paul Blais (OP/OCT); Joseph Googe, MD (O); Tina T. Higdon, (CC); Cecile Hunt (VA/R); Mary Johnson, COA (VA/R); James Miller, MD (O); Misty Moore (VA/R); Charity K. Morris, RN (CC); Christopher Morris (OCT); Sarah Oelrich, COT (OP/OCT); Kristina Oliver, COA (VA/R); Vicky Seitz, COT (VA/R); Jerry Whetstone (OP/OCT). Retina Vitreous Consultants (Pittsburgh, PA): Bernard H. Doft (PI); Jay Bedel, RN, (CC); Robert Bergren, MD (O); Ann Borthwick (VA/R); Paul Conrad, MD, PHD (O); Christina Fulwylie (VA/R); Willia Ingram (DE); Shawnique Latham (VA/R); Gina Lester (VA/R); Judy Liu, MD (O); Louis Lobes, MD (O); Nicole M. Lucko, (CC); Lori Merlotti, MS, CCRC (CC); Karl Olsen, MD (O); Danielle Puskas, COA (VA/R); Pamela Rath, MD (O); Lynn Schueckler (OCT); Christina Schultz (CC/VA/R); Heather Shultz (OP/OCT); David Steinberg, CRA (OP/OCT); Avni Vyas, MD (O); Kim Whale (VA/R); Kimberly Yeckel, COA, COT (VA/R). Ingalls Memorial Hospital/Illinois Retina Associates (Harvey, IL): David H. Orth, MD (PI); Linda S. Arredondo, RN (CC/VA); Susan Brown (VA/R); Barbara J. Ciscato (CC/VA); Joseph M. Civantos, MD (O); Celeste Figliulo (VA/R); Sohail Hasan, MD (O); Belinda Kosinski, COA (VA/R); Dan Muir (OP/OCT); Kiersten Nelson (OP/OCT); Kirk Packo, MD (O); John S. Pollack, MD (O); Kourous Rezaei, MD (O); Gina Shelton (VA); Shannya Townsend-Patrick (OP/OCT); Marian Walsh, CRA (OP/OCT). West Coast Retina Medical Group, Inc (San Francisco, CA): H. Richard McDonald, MD (PI); Nina Ansari (VA/R/OCT); Amanda Bye, (OP/OCT); Arthur D. Fu, MD (O); Sean Grout (OP/OCT); Chad Indermill (OCT); Robert N. Johnson, MD (O); J. Michael Jumper, MD (O); Silvia Linares (VA/R); Brandon J. Lujan, MD (O); Ames Munden (OP/OCT); Rosa Rodriguez (CC); Jennifer M. Rose (CC); Brandi Teske, COA (VA/R); Yesmin Urias (OCT); Stephen Young (OP/OCT). Retina Northwest, P.C. (Portland, OR): Richard F. Dreyer, MD (PI); Howard Daniel (OP/OCT); Michele Connaughton, CRA (OP/OCT); Irvin Handelman, MD (O); Stephen Hobbs (VA/R/OCT); Christine Hoerner (OP/OCT); Dawn Hudson (VA/R/OCT); Marcia Kopfer, COT (CC/VA/R/OCT); Michael Lee, MD (O); Craig Lemley, MD (O); Joe Logan, COA (OP/OCT); Colin Ma, MD (O); Christophe Mallet (VA/R); Amanda Milliron (VA/R); Mark Peters, MD (O); Harry Wohlsein, COA (OP). Retinal Consultants Medical Group, Inc (Sacramento, CA): Joel A. Pearlman, MD, PHD (PI); Margo Andrews (OP); Melissa Bartlett (OCT); Nanette Carlson (CC/OCT); Emily Cox (VA/R); Robert Equi, MD (O); Marta Gonzalez (VA/R); Sophia Griffin (OP/OCT); Fran Hogue (VA/R); Lance Kennedy (OP/OCT); Lana Kryuchkov (OCT); Carmen Lopez (VA/R); Danny Lopez (OP/OCT); Bertha Luevano (VA/R); Erin McKenna, (CC); Arun Patel, MD (O); Brian Reed, MD (O); Nyla Secor (CC/OCT); Iris R. Sison (CC); Tony Tsai, MD (O); Nina Varghis, (CC); Brooke Waller (OCT); Robert Wendel, MD (O); Reina Yebra (OCT). Retina Vitreous Center, PA (New Brunswick, NJ): Daniel B. Roth, MD (PI); Jane Deinzer, RN (VA/R); Howard Fine, MD MHSC (O); Flory Green (VA/R); Stuart Green, MD (O); Bruce Keyser, MD (O); Steven Leff, MD (O); Amy Leviton (VA/R); Amy Martir (OCT); Kristin Mosenthine (VA/R/OCT); Starr Muscle, RN (CC); Linda Okoren (VA/R); Sandy Parker (VA/R); Jonathan Prenner, MD (O); Nancy Price (CC); Deana Rogers (OP/OCT); Linda Rosas (OP/OCT); Alex Schlosser (OP/OCT); Loretta Studenko (DE); Thea Tantum (CC); Harold Wheatley, MD (O). Vision Research Foundation/Associated Retinal Consultants, P.C. (Royal Oak, MI): Michael T. Trese, MD (PI); Thomas Aaberg, MD (O); Denis Bezaire, CRA (OP/OCT); Craig Bridges, CRA (OP/OCT); Doug Bryant, CRA (OP/OCT); Antonio Capone, MD (O); Michelle Coleman, RN (CC); Christina Consolo, CRA, COT (OP/OCT); Cindy Cook, RN (CC); Candice DuLong (VA/R); Bruce Garretson, MD (O); Tracy Grooten (VA/R); Julie Hammersley, RN (CC); Tarek Hassan, MD (O); Heather Jessick (OP/OCT); Nanette Jones (VA/R/OP/OCT); Crystal Kinsman (VA/R); Jennifer Krumlauf (VA/R); Sandy Lewis, COT (VA/R/OP/OCT); Heather Locke (VA/R); Alan Margherio, MD (O); Debra Markus, COT (CC/VA/R/OP/OCT); Tanya Marsh, COA (OP/OCT); Serena Neal (CC); Amy Noffke, MD (O); Kean Oh, MD (O); Clarence Pence (OP/OCT); Lisa Preston (VA/R); Paul Raphaelian, MD (O); Virginia R. Regan, RN, CCRP (VA/R); Peter Roberts (OP/OCT); Alan Ruby, MD (O); Ramin Sarrafizadeh, MD, PHD (O); Marissa Scherf (OP/OCT); Sarita Scott (VA/R); Scott Sneed, MD (O); Lisa Staples (CC); Brad Terry (VA/R/OP/OCT); Matthew T. Trese (OCT); Joan Videtich, RN (VA/R); George Williams, MD (O); Mary Zajechowski, COT, CCRC (CC/VA/R). Barnes Retina Institute (St. Louis, MO): Daniel P. Joseph, MD (PI); Kevin Blinder, MD (O); Lynda Boyd, COT (VA/R); Sarah Buckley (OP/OCT); Meaghan Crow (VA/R); Amanda Dinatale, (OCT); Nicholas Engelbrecht, MD (O); Bridget Forke (OP/OCT); Dana Gabel (OP/OCT); Gilbert Grand, MD (O); Jennifer Grillion-Cerone (VA/R); Nancy Holekamp, MD (O); Charlotte Kelly, COA (VA/R); Ginny Nobel, COT (CC); Kelly Pepple (VA/R); Matt Raeber, (OP/OCT); P. Kumar Rao, MD (O); Tammy Ressel, COT (VA/R); Steven Schremp (OCT); Merrilee Sgorlon (VA/R); Shantia Shears, MA (CC); Matthew Thomas, MD (O); Cathy Timma (VA/R); Annette Vaughn,(OP/OCT); Carolyn Walters, COT (CC/VA/R); Rhonda Weeks, CRC (CC/VA/R); Jarrod Wehmeier (OP/OCT); Tim Wright (OCT). The Retina Group of Washington (Chevy Chase, MD): Daniel M. Berinstein, MD (PI); Aida Ayyad (VA/R); Mohammed K. Barazi, MD (O); Erica Bickhart (VA/R); Lisa Byank, MA (CC); Alysia Cronise, COA (VA/R); Vanessa Denny (VA/R); Courtney Dunn (VA/R); Michael Flory (OP/OCT); Robert Frantz (OP/OCT); Richard A. Garfinkel, MD (O); William Gilbert, MD (O); Michael M. Lai, MD, PHD (O); Alexander Melamud, MD (O); Janine Newgen (VA/R); Shamekia Newton (CC); Debbie Oliver (CC); Michael Osman, MD (O); Reginald Sanders, MD (O); Manfred von Fricken, MD (O). Retinal Consultants of Arizona (Phoenix, AZ): Pravin Dugel, MD (PI); Sandra Arenas (CC); Gabe Balea (OCT); Dayna Bartoli (OP/OCT); John Bucci (OP/OCT); Jennifer A. Cornelius (CC); Scheleen Dickens, (CC); Don Doherty (OP/OCT); Heather Dunlap, COA (VA/R); David Goldenberg, MD (O); Karim Jamal, MD (O); Norma Jimenez (OP/OCT); Nicole Kavanagh (VA/R); Derek Kunimoto, MD (O); John Martin (OP/OCT); Jessica Miner, RN (VA/R); Sarah Mobley, CCRC (CC/VA/R); Donald Park, MD (O); Edward Quinlan, MD (O); Jack Sipperley, MD (O); Carol Slagle (R); Danielle Smith (OP/OCT); Rohana Yager, COA (OCT). Casey Eye Institute (Portland, OR): Christina J. Flaxel, MD (PI); Steven Bailey, MD (O); Peter Francis, MD, PHD (O); Chris Howell, (OCT); Thomas Hwang, MD (O); Shirley Ira, COT (VA/R); Michael Klein, MD (O); Andreas Lauer, MD (O); Teresa Liesegang, COT (CC/VA/R); Ann Lundquist, (CC/VA/R); Sarah Nolte (DE); Susan K. Nolte (VA/R); Scott Pickell (OP/OCT); Susan Pope, COT (VA/R); Joseph Rossi (OP/OCT); Mitchell Schain (VA/R); Peter Steinkamp, MS (OP/OCT); Maureen D. Toomey (CC/VA/R); Debora Vahrenwald, COT (VA/R); Kelly West (OP/OCT). Emory Eye Center (Atlanta, GA): Baker Hubbard, MD (PI); Stacey Andelman, MMSC, COMT (CC/VA/R); Chris Bergstrom, MD (O); Judy Brower, COMT (CC/VA/R); Blaine Cribbs, MD (O); Linda Curtis (VA/R); Jannah Dobbs (OP/OCT); Lindreth DuBois, MED, MMSC, CO, COMT (CC/VA/R); Jessica Gaultney (OCT); Deborah Gibbs, COMT, CCRC (VA/R); Debora Jordan, CRA (OP/OCT); Donna Leef, MMSC, COMT (VA/R); Daniel F. Martin, MD (O); Robert Myles, CRA (OP); Timothy Olsen, MD (O); Bryan Schwent, MD (O); Sunil Srivastava, MD (O); Rhonda Waldron, MMSC, COMT, CRA, RDMS (OCT). Charlotte Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Associates/Southeast Clinical Research (Charlotte, NC): Andrew N. Antoszyk, MD (PI); Uma Balasubramaniam, COA (OCT); Danielle Brooks, CCRP (VA/R); Justin Brown, MD (O); David Browning, MD, PHD (O); Loraine Clark, COA (OP/OCT); Sarah Ennis, CCRC (VA/R); Jennifer V. Helms, CCRC,(CC); Jenna Herby, CCRC (CC); Angie Karow, CCRP (VA/R); Pearl Leotaud, CRA (OP/OCT); Caterina Massimino (OCT); Donna McClain, COA (OP/OCT); Michael McOwen, CRA (OP/OCT); Jennifer Mindel, CRA, COA (OP/OCT); Candace Pereira, CRC (CC); Rachel Pierce, COA (VA/R); Michele Powers (OP/OCT); Angela Price, MPH, CCRC (CC); Jason Rohrer (CC); Jason Sanders, MD (O). California Retina Consultants (Santa Barbara, CA): Robert L. Avery, MD (PI); Kelly Avery (VA/R); Jessica Basefsky (CC/OCT); Liz Beckner (OP); Alessandro Castellarin, MD (O); Stephen Couvillion, MD (O); Jack Giust (CC/OCT); Matthew Giust (OP); Maan Nasir, MD (O); Dante Pieramici, MD (O); Melvin Rabena (VA/R); Sarah Risard (VA/R/OCT/DE); Robert See, MD (O); Jerry Smith (VA/R). Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN): Sophie J. Bakri, MD (PI); Nakhleh Abu-Yaghi, MD (O); Andrew Barkmeier, MD (O); Karin Berg, COA (VA); Jean Burrington, COA (VA/R); Albert Edwards, MD (O); Shannon Goddard, COA (OP/OCT); Shannon Howard (VA/R); Raymond Iezzi, MD (O); Denise Lewison, COA (OP/OCT); Thomas Link, CRA (OP/OCT); Colin A. McCannel, MD (O); Joan Overend (VA/R); John Pach, MD (O); Margaret Ruszczyk, CCRP (CC); Ryan Shultz, MD (O); Cindy Stephan, COT (VA/R); Diane Vogen (CC). Dean A. McGee Eye Institute (Oklahoma City, OK): Reagan H. Bradford Jr, MD (PI); Vanessa Bergman, COA, CCRC (CC); Russ Burris (OP/OCT); Amanda Butt, CRA (OP/OCT); Beth Daniels, COA (CC); Connie Dwiggins, CCRC (CC); Stephen Fransen, MD (O); Tiffany Guerrero (CC/DE); Darin Haivala, MD (O); Amy Harris (CC); Sonny Icks (CC/DE); Ronald Kingsley, MD (O); Rob Richmond (OP/OCT); Brittany Ross (VA/R); Kammerin White, CCRC (VA/R); Misty Youngberg, COA, CCRC (VA/R). Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston (Boston, MA): Trexler M. Topping, MD (PI); Steve Bennett (OCT); Sandy Chong (VA/R); Tina Cleary, MD (O); Emily Corey (VA/R); Dennis Donovan (OP/OCT); Albert Frederick, MD (O); Lesley Freese (CC/VA/R); Margaret Graham (OP/OCT); Natalya Gud, COA (VA/R); Taneika Howard (VA/R); Mike Jones (OP/OCT); Michael Morley, MD (O); Katie Moses (VA/R); Jen Stone (VA/R); Robin Ty, COA (VA/R); Torsten Wiegand, PHD, MD (O); Lindsey Williams (CC); Beth Winder (CC). Tennessee Retina, P.C. (Nashville, TN): Carl C. Awh, MD (PI); Everton Arrindell, MD (O); Dena Beck (OCT); Brandon Busbee, MD (O); Amy Dilback (OP/OCT); Sara Downs (VA/R); Allison Guidry, COA (VA/R); Gary Gutow, MD (O); Jackey Hardin (VA/R); Sarah Hines, COA (CC); Emily Hutchins (VA/R); Kim LaCivita, MA (OP/OCT); Ashley Lester (OCT); Larry Malott (OP/OCT); MaryAnn McCain, RN, CNOR (CC); Jayme Miracle (VA/R); Kenneth Moffat, MD (O); Lacy Palazzotta (VA/R); Kelly Robinson, COA (VA/R); Peter Sonkin, MD (O); Alecia Travis (OP/OCT); RoyTrent Wallace, MD (O); Kelly J. Winters, COA (CC); Julia Wray (OP/OCT). Retina Associates Southwest, P.C. (Tucson, AZ): April E. Harris, MD (PI); Mari Bunnell (OCT); Katrina Crooks (VA/R); Rebecca Fitzgerald, CCRC (CC); Cameron Javid, MD (O); Corin Kew (VA/R); Erica Kill, VAE (VA/R); Patricia Kline (VA/R); Janet Kreienkamp (VA/R); RoyAnn Moore, OMA (CC/OCT); Egbert Saavedra, MD (O); LuAnne Taylor, CSC (CC/OCT); Mark Walsh, MD (O); Larry Wilson (OP). Midwest Eye Institute (Indianapolis, IN): Thomas A. Ciulla, MD (PI); Ellen Coyle, COMT (VA/R); Tonya Harrington, COA (VA/R); Charlotte Harris, COA (VA); Raj Maturi, MD (O); Stephanie Morrow, COA (OP); Jennifer Savage, COA (VA); Bethany Sink, COA (VA/R); Tom Steele, CRA (OP); Neelam Thukral, CCRC (CC/OCT); Janet Wilburn, COA (CC). National Ophthalmic Research Institute (Fort Myers, FL): Joseph P. Walker, MD (PI); Jennifer Banks (VA/R); Debbie Ciampaglia (OP/OCT); Danielle Dyshanowitz (VA/R); Jennifer Frederick, CRC (CC); A. Tom Ghuman, MD (O); Richard Grodin, MD (O); Cheryl Kiesel, CCRC (CC); Eileen Knips, RN, CCRC, CRA (OP/OCT); Crystal Peters, CCRC (CC); Paul Raskauskas, MD (O); Etienne Schoeman (OP/OCT); Ashish Sharma, MD (O); Glenn Wing, MD (O). University of Wisconsin Madison (Madison, WI): Suresh R. Chandra, MD (PI); Michael Altaweel, MD (O); Barbara Blodi, MD (O); Kathryn Burke, BA (VA/R); Kristine A. Dietzman, (CC); Justin Gottlieb, MD (O); Gene Knutson (OP/OCT); Denise Krolnik (OP/OCT); T. Michael Nork, MD (O); Shelly Olson (VA/R); John Peterson, CRA (OP/OCT); Sandra Reed (OP/OCT); Barbara Soderling (VA/R); Guy Somers (VA/R); Thomas Stevens, MD (O); Angela Wealti, (CC). Duke University Eye Center (Durham, NC): Srilaxmi Bearelly, MD (PI); Brenda Branchaud (VA/R); Joyce W. Bryant, COT, CPT (CC/VA/R); Sara Crowell (CC/VA); Sharon Fekrat, MD (O); Merritt Gammage (OP/OCT); Cheala Harrison, COA (VA/R); Sarah Jones (VA); Noreen McClain, COT, CPT, CCRC (VA/R); Brooks McCuen, MD (O); Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, MD (O); Jeanne Queen, CPT (OP/OCT); Neeru Sarin, MBBS (VA/R); Cindy Skalak, RN, COT (VA/R); Marriner Skelly, CRA (OP/OCT); Ivan Suner, MD (O); Ronnie Tomany (OP/OCT); Lauren Welch (OP/OCT). University of California-Davis Medical Center (Sacramento, CA): Susanna S. Park, MD, PHD (PI); Allison Cassidy (VA/R); Karishma Chandra (OP/OCT); Idalew Good (VA/R); Katrina Imson (CC); Sashi Kaur (OP/OCT); Helen Metzler, COA, CCRP (CC/VA/R); Lawrence Morse, MD, PHD (O); Ellen Redenbo, ROUB (OP/OCT); Marisa Salvador (VA/R); David Telander, MD (O); Mark Thomas, CRA (OCT); Cindy Wallace, COA (CC). University of Louisville School of Medicine, KY (Louisville, KY): Charles C. Barr, MD (PI); Amanda Battcher (VA/R); Michelle Bottorff, COA (CC/OCT); Mary Chasteen (VA/R); Kelly Clark (VA/R); Diane Denning, COT (OCT); Amy Schultz (OP); Evie Tempel, CRA, COA (OP); Greg K. Whittington, MPS, PSY (CC). Retina Associates of Kentucky (Lexington, KY): Thomas W. Stone, MD (PI); Todd Blevins (OP/OCT); Michelle Buck, COT, (VA/R/OCT); Lynn Cruz, COT (CC); Wanda Heath (VA/R); Diana Holcomb (VA/R); Rick Isernhagen, MD (O); Terri Kidd, COA (OCT); John Kitchens, MD (O); Cathy Sears, CST, COA (VA/R); Ed Slade, CRA, COA (OP/OCT); Jeanne Van Arsdall, COA (VA/R); Brenda VanHoose, COA (VA/R); Jenny Wolfe, RN (CC); William Wood, MD (O). Colorado Retina Associates (Denver, CO): John Zilis, MD (PI); Carol Crooks, COA (VA/R); Larry Disney (VA/R); Mimi Liu, MD (O); Stephen Petty, MD (O); Sandra Sall, ROUB, COA (CC/VA/R/OP/OCT). University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics (Iowa City, IA): James C. Folk, MD (PI); Tracy Aly, CRA (OP/OCT); Abby Brotherton (VA); Douglas Critser, CRA (OP/OCT); Connie J. Hinz, COT, CCRC (CC/VA/R); Stefani Karakas, CRA (OP/OCT); Cheyanne Lester (VA/R); Cindy Montague, CRA (OP/OCT); Stephen Russell, MD (O); Heather Stockman (VA/R); Barbara Taylor, CCRC (VA/R); Randy Verdick, FOPS (OP/OCT). Retina Specialists (Towson, MD): John T. Thompson, MD (PI); Barbara Connell (VA/R); Maryanth Constantine (CC); John L. Davis Jr (VA/R); Gwen Holsapple (VA/R); Lisa Hunter (OP/OCT); C. Nicki Lenane (CC/VA/R/OCT); Robin Mitchell (CC); Leslie Russel, CRA (OP/OCT); Raymond Sjaarda, MD (O). Retina Consultants of Houston (Houston, TX): David M. Brown, MD (PI); Matthew Benz, MD (O); Llewellyn Burns (OCT); JoLene G. Carranza, COA, CCRC (CC); Richard Fish, MD (O); Debra Goates (VA/R); Shayla Hay (VA/R); Theresa Jeffers, COT (VA/R); Eric Kegley, CRA, COA (OP/OCT); Dallas Kubecka (VA/R); Stacy McGilvra (VA/R); Beau Richter (OCT); Veronica Sneed, COA (VA/R); Cary Stoever (OCT); Isabell Tellez (VA/R); Tien Wong, MD (O). Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary/Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates (Boston, MA): Ivana Kim, MD (PI); Christopher Andreoli, MD (O); Leslie Barresi, CRA, COA, OCT-C (VA/OP/OCT); Sarah Brett (OP); Charlene Callahan (OP); Karen Capaccioli (OCT); William Carli, COA (VA/R/OCT); Matthew Coppola, COA (VA); Nicholas Emmanuel (CC); Claudia Evans, OD (VA/R); Anna Fagan, COA (VA/R); Marcia Grillo (OCT); John Head, CRA, OCT-C (OP/OCT); Troy Kieser, COA, OCT-C (CC/VA/R); Ursula Lord, OD (VA/R); Edward Miretsky (CC); Kate Palitsch (OCT); Todd Petrin, RN (OCT); Liz Reader (CC); Svetlana Reznichenko, COA (VA); Mary Robertson, COA (VA); Demetrios Vavvas, MD, PHD (O). Palmetto Retina Center (West Columbia, SC): John Wells, MD (PI); Cassie Cahill (VA/R); W. Lloyd Clark, MD (O); Kayla Henry (VA/R); David Johnson, MD (O); Peggy Miller (CC/VA/R); LaDetrick Oliver, COT (OP/OCT); Robbin Spivey (OP/OCT); Mallie Taylor (CC). Retina and Vitreous of Texas (Houston, TX): Michael Lambert, MD (PI); Kris Chase (OP/OCT); Debbie Fredrickson, COA (VA/R); Joseph Khawly, MD, FACS (O); Valerie Lazarte (VA/R); Donald Lowd (OP/OCT); Pam Miller (CC); Arthur Willis, MD (O). Long Island Vitreoretinal Consultants (Great Neck, NY): Philip J. Ferrone, MD (PI); Miguel Almonte (OCT); Rachel Arnott, (CC); Ingrid Aviles (VA/R/OCT); Sheri Carbon (VA/R); Michael Chitjian (OP/OCT); Kristen DAmore (CC); Christin Elliott (VA/R); David Fastenberg, MD (O); Barry Golub, MD (O); Kenneth Graham, MD (O); AnnMarie Lavorna (CC); Laura Murphy (VA/R); Amanda Palomo (VA/R); Christina Puglisi (VA/R); David Rhee, MD (O); Juan Romero, MD (O); Brett Rosenblatt, MD (O); Glenda Salcedo (OP/OCT); Marianne Schlameuss, RN (CC); Eric Shakin, MD (O); Vasanti Sookhai (VA/R). Wills Eye Institute (Philadelphia, PA): Richard Kaiser, MD (PI); Elizabeth Affel, MS, OCT-C (OCT); Gary Brown, MD (O); Christina Centinaro (CC); Deborah Fine, COA (OCT); Mitchell Fineman, MD (O); Michele Formoso (CC); Sunir Garg, MD (O); Lisa Grande (VA/R); Carolyn Herbert (VA/R); Allen Ho, MD (O); Jason Hsu, MD (O); Maryann Jay (OCT); Lisa Lavetsky (OCT); Elaine Liebenbaum (OP); Joseph Maguire, MD (O); Julia Monsonego (OP); Lucia O'Connor (OCT); Carl Regillo, MD (O); Maria Rosario (DE); Marc Spirn, MD (O); James Vander, MD (O); Jennifer Walsh (VA/R). Ohio State University Eye Physicians & Surgeons-Retina Division (Dublin, OH): Frederick H. Davidorf, MD (PI); Amanda Barnett (OP/OCT); Susie Chang, MD (O); John Christoforidis, MD (O); Joy Elliott (CC); Heather Justice (VA/R); Alan Letson, MD (O); Kathryne McKinney, COMT (CC); Jeri Perry, COT (VA/R); Jill A. Salerno, COA (CC); Scott Savage (OP); Stephen Shelley (OCT). Retina Associates of Cleveland (Beachwood, OH): Lawrence J. Singerman, MD (PI);Joseph Coney, MD (O); John DuBois (OP/OCT); Kimberly DuBois, LPN, CCRP, COA (VA/R); Gregg Greanoff, CRA (OP/OCT); Dianne Himmelman, RN, CCRC (CC); Mary Ilc, COT (VA/R); Elizabeth Mcnamara (VA/R/OP); Michael Novak, MD (O); Scott Pendergast, MD (O); Susan Rath, PA-C (CC); Sheila SmithBrewer, CRA (OP/OCT); Vivian Tanner, COT, CCRP (VA/R); Diane E. Weiss, RN, (CC); Hernando Zegarra, MD (O). Retina Group of Florida (Fort Lauderdale, FL): Lawrence Halperin, MD (PI); Patricia Aramayo (OCT); Mandeep Dhalla, MD (O); Brian Fernandez, MD (OP/OCT); Cindy Fernandez, MD (CC); Jaclyn Lopez (CC); Monica Lopez (OCT); Jamie Mariano, COA (VA/R); Kellie Murphy, COA (OCT); Clifford Sherley, COA (VA/R); Rita Veksler, COA (OP/OCT). Retina-Vitreous Associates Medical Group (Beverly Hills, CA): Firas Rahhal, MD (PI); Razmig Babikian (DE); David Boyer, MD (O); Sepideh Hami (DE); Jeff Kessinger (OP/OCT); Janet Kurokouchi (CC); Saba Mukarram (VA/R); Sarah Pachman (VA/R); Eric Protacio (OCT); Julio Sierra (VA/R); Homayoun Tabandeh, MD, MS, FRCP (O); Adam Zamboni (VA/R). Elman Retina Group, P.A. (Baltimore, MD): Michael Elman, MD (PI); Tammy Butcher (CC); Theresa Cain (OP/OCT); Teresa Coffey, COA (VA/R); Dena Firestone (VA/R); Nancy Gore (VA/R); Pamela Singletary (VA/R); Peter Sotirakos (OP/OCT); JoAnn Starr (CC). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Chapel Hill, NC): Travis A. Meredith, MD (PI); Cassandra J. Barnhart, MPH (CC/VA/R); Debra Cantrell, COA (VA/R/OP/OCT); RonaLyn EsquejoLeon (OP/OCT); Odette Houghton, MD (O); Harpreet Kaur (VA/R); Fatoumatta NDure, COA (CC). Ophthalmologists Enrolling Patients but No Longer Affiliated with a CATT Center: Ronald Glatzer, MD (O); Leonard Joffe, MD (O); Reid Schindler, MD (O). Resource Centers Chairman's Office (Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH): Daniel F. Martin, MD (Chair); Stuart L. Fine, MD (Vice-Chair; University of Colorado, Denver CO); Marilyn Katz (Executive Assistant). Coordinating Center (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA): Maureen G. Maguire, PhD (PI); Mary Brightwell-Arnold, SCP (Systems Analyst); Ruchira Glaser, MD (Medical Monitor); Judith Hall (Protocol Monitor); Sandra Harkins (Staff Assistant); Jiayan Huang, MS (Biostatistician); Alexander Khvatov, MS (Systems Analyst); Kathy McWilliams, CCRP (Protocol Monitor); Susan K. Nolte (Protocol Monitor); Ellen Peskin, MA, CCRP (Project Director); Maxwell Pistilli, MS, MEd (Biostatistician); Susan Ryan (Financial Administrator); Allison Schnader (Administrative Coordinator); Gui-shuang Ying, PhD (Senior Biostatistician). OCT Reading Center (Duke University, Durham, NC): Glenn Jaffe, MD (PI); Jennifer Afrani-Sakyi (CATT PowerPoint Presentations); Brannon Balsley (OCT Technician Certifications); Linda S. Bennett (Project Manager); Adam Brooks (Reader/SD-Reader); Adrienne Brower-Lingsch (Reader); Lori Bruce (Data Verification); Russell Burns (Senior Technical Analyst/Senior Reader/SD Reader/OCT Technician Certifications); Dee Busian (Reader); John Choong (Reader); Lindsey Cloaninger (Reader Reliability Studies/ Document Creation/CATT PPT Files); Francis Char DeCroos (Research Associate); Emily DuBois (Data Entry); Mays El-Dairi (Reader/SD-Reader); Sarah Gach (Reader); Katelyn Hall (Reader Reliability Studies/ Data Verification/Document Creation); Terry Hawks (Reader); ChengChenh Huang (Reader); Cindy Heydary (Senior Reader/Quality Assurance Coordinator/SD Reader/Data Verification); Alexander Ho (Reader, Transcription); Shashi Kini (Data Entry/Transcription); Michelle McCall (Data Verification); Daaimah Muhammad (Reader Feedback); Jayne Nicholson (Data Verification); Jeanne Queen (Reader/SD-Reader); Pamela Rieves (Transcription); Kelly Shields (Senior Reader); Cindy Skalak (Reader); Adam Specker (Reader); Sandra Stinnett (Biostatistician); Sujatha Subramaniam (Reader); Patrick Tenbrink (Reader); Cynthia Toth, MD (Director of Grading); Aaron Towe (Reader); Kimberly Welch (Data Verification); Natasha Williams (Data Verification); Katrina Winter (Senior Reader); Ellen Young (Senior Project Manager). Fundus Photograph Reading Center (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA): Juan E. Grunwald, MD (PI); Judith Alexander (Director); Ebenezer Daniel, MBBS, MS, MPH, PhD (Director); Elisabeth Flannagan (Administrative Coordinator); E. Revell Martin (Reader); Candace Parker (Reader); Krista Sepielli (Reader); Tom Shannon (Systems Analyst); Claressa Whearry (Data Coordinator). National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health: Maryann Redford, DDS, MPH (Program Officer). Committees Executive Committee: Daniel F. Martin, MD (chair); Robert L. Avery, MD; Sophie J. Bakri, MD; Ebenezer Daniel, MBBS, MS, MPH; Stuart L. Fine, MD; Juan E. Grunwald, MD; Glenn Jaffe, MD, Marcia R. Kopfer, BS, COT; Maureen G. Maguire, PhD; Travis A. Meredith, MD; Ellen Peskin, MA, CCRP; Maryann Redford, DDS, MPH; David F. Williams, MD. Operations Committee: Daniel F. Martin, MD (chair); Linda S. Bennett; Ebenezer Daniel, MBBS, MS, MPH; Frederick L. Ferris III, MD; Stuart L. Fine, MD; Juan E. Grunwald, MD; Glenn Jaffe, MD; Maureen G. Maguire, PhD; Ellen Peskin, MA, CCRP; Maryann Redford, DDS, MPH; Cynthia Toth, MD. Clinic Monitoring Committee: Ellen Peskin, MA, CCRP (chair); Mary Brightwell-Arnold, SCP; Joan DuPont; Maureen G. Maguire, PhD; Kathy McWilliams, CCRP; Susan K. Nolte. Data and Safety Monitoring Committee: Lawrence M. Friedman, MD (chair); Susan B. Bressler, MD; David L. DeMets, PhD; Martin Friedlander, MD, PhD; Mark W. Johnson, MD; Anne Lindblad, PhD; Douglas W. Losordo, MD, FACC; Franklin G. Miller, PhD. P.Y.: Grant – National Institutes of Health. M.G.M.: Data and safety monitoring committee – Genentech/Roche, Annexon; Grant support – National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health; Payment – Ohio State University, Retina Society; Payment for travel – Macula Society, Retina Society, Heed Foundation; Board of trustees – ARVO; Honorarium – National Eye Institute. Obtained funding: Martin, Maguire, Jaffe, Grunwald, Ying Publisher Copyright: © 2022 American Academy of Ophthalmology
PY - 2022/9
Y1 - 2022/9
N2 - Purpose: To describe predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid (PP-IRF) and its association with visual acuity (VA) and retinal anatomic findings at long-term follow-up in eyes treated with pro re nata (PRN) ranibizumab or bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Design: Cohort within a randomized clinical trial. Participants: Participants in the Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT) assigned to PRN treatment. Methods: The presence of intraretinal fluid (IRF) on OCT scans was assessed at baseline and monthly follow-up visits by Duke OCT Reading Center. Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through week 12, year 1, and year 2 was defined as the presence of IRF at the baseline and in ≥ 80% of follow-up visits. Among eyes with baseline IRF, the mean VA scores (letters) and changes from the baseline were compared between eyes with and those without PP-IRF. Adjusted mean VA scores and changes from the baseline were also calculated using the linear regression analysis to account for baseline patient features identified as predictors of VA in previous CATT studies. Furthermore, outcomes were adjusted for concomitant predominantly persistent subretinal fluid. Main Outcome Measures: Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through week 12, year 1, and year 2; VA score and VA change; and scar development at year 2. Results: Among 363 eyes with baseline IRF, 108 (29.8%) had PP-IRF through year 1 and 95 (26.1%) had PP-IRF through year 2. When eyes with PP-IRF through year 1 were compared with those without PP-IRF, the mean 1-year VA score was 62.4 and 68.5, respectively (P = 0.002), and was 65.0 and 67.4, respectively (P = 0.13), after adjustment. Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through year 2 was associated with worse adjusted 1-year mean VA scores (64.8 vs. 69.2; P = 0.006) and change (4.3 vs. 8.1; P = 0.01) as well as worse adjusted 2-year mean VA scores (63.0 vs. 68.3; P = 0.004) and changes (2.4 vs. 7.1; P = 0.009). Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through year 2 was associated with a higher 2-year risk of scar development (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.49; P = 0.03). Conclusions: Approximately one quarter of eyes had PP-IRF through year 2. Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through year 1 was associated with worse long-term VA, but the relationship disappeared after adjustment for baseline predictors of VA. Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through year 2 was independently associated with worse long-term VA and scar development.
AB - Purpose: To describe predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid (PP-IRF) and its association with visual acuity (VA) and retinal anatomic findings at long-term follow-up in eyes treated with pro re nata (PRN) ranibizumab or bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Design: Cohort within a randomized clinical trial. Participants: Participants in the Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT) assigned to PRN treatment. Methods: The presence of intraretinal fluid (IRF) on OCT scans was assessed at baseline and monthly follow-up visits by Duke OCT Reading Center. Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through week 12, year 1, and year 2 was defined as the presence of IRF at the baseline and in ≥ 80% of follow-up visits. Among eyes with baseline IRF, the mean VA scores (letters) and changes from the baseline were compared between eyes with and those without PP-IRF. Adjusted mean VA scores and changes from the baseline were also calculated using the linear regression analysis to account for baseline patient features identified as predictors of VA in previous CATT studies. Furthermore, outcomes were adjusted for concomitant predominantly persistent subretinal fluid. Main Outcome Measures: Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through week 12, year 1, and year 2; VA score and VA change; and scar development at year 2. Results: Among 363 eyes with baseline IRF, 108 (29.8%) had PP-IRF through year 1 and 95 (26.1%) had PP-IRF through year 2. When eyes with PP-IRF through year 1 were compared with those without PP-IRF, the mean 1-year VA score was 62.4 and 68.5, respectively (P = 0.002), and was 65.0 and 67.4, respectively (P = 0.13), after adjustment. Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through year 2 was associated with worse adjusted 1-year mean VA scores (64.8 vs. 69.2; P = 0.006) and change (4.3 vs. 8.1; P = 0.01) as well as worse adjusted 2-year mean VA scores (63.0 vs. 68.3; P = 0.004) and changes (2.4 vs. 7.1; P = 0.009). Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through year 2 was associated with a higher 2-year risk of scar development (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.49; P = 0.03). Conclusions: Approximately one quarter of eyes had PP-IRF through year 2. Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through year 1 was associated with worse long-term VA, but the relationship disappeared after adjustment for baseline predictors of VA. Predominantly persistent intraretinal fluid through year 2 was independently associated with worse long-term VA and scar development.
KW - Anti-VEGF
KW - Choroidal neovascularization
KW - Intraretinal fluid
KW - Persistent
KW - Visual acuity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85130310950&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.oret.2022.03.024
DO - 10.1016/j.oret.2022.03.024
M3 - Article
C2 - 35405352
AN - SCOPUS:85130310950
SN - 2468-6530
VL - 6
SP - 771
EP - 785
JO - Ophthalmology Retina
JF - Ophthalmology Retina
IS - 9
ER -