TY - JOUR
T1 - Predictors of full-time faculty appointment among MD-PhD program graduates
T2 - A national cohort study
AU - Andriole, Dorothy A.
AU - Jeffe, Donna B.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank our colleagues at the Association of American Medical Colleges, Washington, DC, Paul Jolly, PhD (now retired) and Emory Morrison, PhD, for their support of our research efforts through provision of data and assistance with coding. We also thank Radha K (RK) Allam at Net ESolutions Corporation (NETE), Bethesda, MD, for grants data acquisition from the NIH IMPAC II database, and our colleagues at Washington University, James Struthers, BA, and Maria Pérez, MA, for data management, and Yan Yan, MD, PhD. The authors have no financial or other conflicts of interest to report. This study was funded in part by a grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (2R01 GM085350-04). The NIGMS was not involved in the design or conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Dorothy A. Andriole and Donna B. Jeffe.
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Purpose: The authors sought to identify variables associated with MD-PhD program graduates' academic medicine careers. Methods: We analyzed data for a national cohort of MD-PhD program graduates from 2000 to 2005, using multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of full-time academic medicine faculty appointment through 2013. Results: Of 1,860 MD-PhD program graduates in 2000-2005, we included 1,846 (99.2%) who had completed residency training before 2014. Of these 1,846 graduates, 968 (52.4%) held full-time faculty appointments. Graduates who attended schools with Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) funding (vs. no MSTP funding; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.74) and participated in ≥1 year of research during residency (vs. no documented research year; aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.50-2.28) were more likely to have held full-time faculty appointments. Asian/Pacific Islander (aOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60-0.93) and under-represented minority (URM; aOR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48-0.98) graduates (each vs. white graduates), graduates who reported total debt of ≥$100,000 (vs. no debt) at graduation (aOR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39-0.88), and graduates in surgical practice (aOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.48-0.84) and other practice (aOR, 0.66, 95% CI, 0.54-0.81) specialties (each vs. 'medicine, pediatrics, pathology, or neurology') were less likely to have held full-time faculty appointments. Gender was not independently associated with likelihood of full-time faculty appointment. Conclusions: Over half of all MD-PhD program graduates in our study had full-time faculty appointments. Our findings regarding variables independently associated with full-time faculty appointments can inform the design of strategies to promote academic medicine career choice among MD-PhD program graduates. Further research is warranted to identify other factors amenable to intervention, in addition to those included in our study, which will foster the further development of a diverse academic medicine physician-scientist workforce nationally.
AB - Purpose: The authors sought to identify variables associated with MD-PhD program graduates' academic medicine careers. Methods: We analyzed data for a national cohort of MD-PhD program graduates from 2000 to 2005, using multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of full-time academic medicine faculty appointment through 2013. Results: Of 1,860 MD-PhD program graduates in 2000-2005, we included 1,846 (99.2%) who had completed residency training before 2014. Of these 1,846 graduates, 968 (52.4%) held full-time faculty appointments. Graduates who attended schools with Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) funding (vs. no MSTP funding; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.74) and participated in ≥1 year of research during residency (vs. no documented research year; aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.50-2.28) were more likely to have held full-time faculty appointments. Asian/Pacific Islander (aOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60-0.93) and under-represented minority (URM; aOR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48-0.98) graduates (each vs. white graduates), graduates who reported total debt of ≥$100,000 (vs. no debt) at graduation (aOR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39-0.88), and graduates in surgical practice (aOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.48-0.84) and other practice (aOR, 0.66, 95% CI, 0.54-0.81) specialties (each vs. 'medicine, pediatrics, pathology, or neurology') were less likely to have held full-time faculty appointments. Gender was not independently associated with likelihood of full-time faculty appointment. Conclusions: Over half of all MD-PhD program graduates in our study had full-time faculty appointments. Our findings regarding variables independently associated with full-time faculty appointments can inform the design of strategies to promote academic medicine career choice among MD-PhD program graduates. Further research is warranted to identify other factors amenable to intervention, in addition to those included in our study, which will foster the further development of a diverse academic medicine physician-scientist workforce nationally.
KW - Biomedical research workforce
KW - Diversity
KW - Medical Scientist Training Program
KW - Physician debt
KW - Specialty choice
KW - physician-scientist
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85007071663&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3402/meo.v21.30941
DO - 10.3402/meo.v21.30941
M3 - Article
C2 - 28165951
AN - SCOPUS:85007071663
SN - 1087-2981
VL - 21
JO - Medical Education Online
JF - Medical Education Online
IS - 1
M1 - 30941
ER -