TY - JOUR
T1 - Precision of surface measurements for below-knee residua
AU - Commean, Paul K.
AU - Smith, Kirk E.
AU - Cheverud, James M.
AU - Vannier, Michael W.
N1 - Funding Information:
N ESTIMATED 400,000 persons with amputations live in A the United States, with approximately 60,000 lower extremity amputations performed each year. I Many of these amputee patients are classified as "hard to fit." One US study 2 found subjects rated comfort (52%) and function (38%) as the primary concerns when they wear a prosthesis. Sixty-seven percent of subjects wore their prosthesis 9 or more hours a day, and 57% reported moderate to severe pain while doing so. Respondents in the study with full-or part-time employment had a higher From the MallinckrodtI nstituteo f Radiology (Mr. Commean,M r. Smith, and Dr. Vannier),a nd the Departmento f Anatomya nd Neurobiology( Dr. Cheverud), WashingtonU niversityS chool of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Submitted for publicationM ay 11, 1995. Accepted in revised form October i3, 1995. Supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Center for Medical RehabilitationR esearch grant RO1 HD30169. No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supportingt his article has or will confer a benefit upon the authors or upon any organizationw ith which the authors are associated. Reprintr equests to Michael W. Vannier,M D, MallinckrodtI nstituteo f Radiology, WashingtonU niversityS choolo f Medicine,5 10 SouthK ingshighwayB oule-vard, St. Louis, MO 63110. © 1996b y the AmericanC ongresso f RehabilitationM edicinea nd the American Academy of Physical Medicinea nd Rehabilitation 0003-9993/96/7705-351853.00/0 level of life satisfaction. Nicholas and colleagues 3 surveyed 94 amputee patients with 24% reporting dissatisfaction with the comfort of their prosthesis and 15% reported losing their jobs as a direct result of their amputation. A Canadian study 4 reviewed employment patterns following amputation and found that 71.5% of the study subjects who did not take early retirement were employed postamputation. Subjects who wore their prosthesis were more likely to be employed. Chatterton 5 surveyed 2,176 prosthesis users and found that patients were often intimidated by their prosthetist and were afraid to say the prosthesis did not fit well. These studies demonstrate the need for objective assessment methods to monitor and improve socket fit.
PY - 1996/5
Y1 - 1996/5
N2 - Objective: To determine the absolute and relative precision of geometric measurements made of below knee (BK) residua and their BK plaster positive casts using calipers, electromagnetic digitizer, optical surface scanner (OSS), and spiral x-ray computed tomography (SXCT). Design: The experimental measurement protocol for a single measurement session was as follows: Dot markers were placed on the residuum, and volume and distances were measured using water displacement and calipers; residuum was measured using electromagnetic digitizer; residuum was scanned using three-dimensional (3D) OSS; a negative plaster cast of subject's residuum was made; and residuum was scanned using SXCT scanner. These steps were repeated at a second measurement session. Plaster positive casts were constructed and subsequently measured using the same protocol. Participants: Thirteen adult below-knee amputee volunteers (subjects) participated in the study, and nine subjects returned for a second measurement session. The study group consisted of 9 men and 4 women; 10 Caucasians and 3 African Americans. Results: Distance measurements for all measurement devices were repeatable within 1% in vivo and within 0.5% on plaster casts; and volumes were within 1% in vivo and within 0.1% on plaster casts. Distance measurements for each device were precise within 3% in vivo and within 1% on plaster casts; and volumes were within 5% in vivo and within 6% on plaster casts when compared with caliper and water displacement measures. Conclusion: These measurement systems were found to be substantially equivalent in terms of repeatability and precision for measurement of lower extremity residua.
AB - Objective: To determine the absolute and relative precision of geometric measurements made of below knee (BK) residua and their BK plaster positive casts using calipers, electromagnetic digitizer, optical surface scanner (OSS), and spiral x-ray computed tomography (SXCT). Design: The experimental measurement protocol for a single measurement session was as follows: Dot markers were placed on the residuum, and volume and distances were measured using water displacement and calipers; residuum was measured using electromagnetic digitizer; residuum was scanned using three-dimensional (3D) OSS; a negative plaster cast of subject's residuum was made; and residuum was scanned using SXCT scanner. These steps were repeated at a second measurement session. Plaster positive casts were constructed and subsequently measured using the same protocol. Participants: Thirteen adult below-knee amputee volunteers (subjects) participated in the study, and nine subjects returned for a second measurement session. The study group consisted of 9 men and 4 women; 10 Caucasians and 3 African Americans. Results: Distance measurements for all measurement devices were repeatable within 1% in vivo and within 0.5% on plaster casts; and volumes were within 1% in vivo and within 0.1% on plaster casts. Distance measurements for each device were precise within 3% in vivo and within 1% on plaster casts; and volumes were within 5% in vivo and within 6% on plaster casts when compared with caliper and water displacement measures. Conclusion: These measurement systems were found to be substantially equivalent in terms of repeatability and precision for measurement of lower extremity residua.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0030005557&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0003-9993(96)90037-4
DO - 10.1016/S0003-9993(96)90037-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 8629925
AN - SCOPUS:0030005557
SN - 0003-9993
VL - 77
SP - 477
EP - 486
JO - Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
JF - Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
IS - 5
ER -